Quapaw Language:

cold weather

*sni-wa-te (sní watte)*
cold weather	Speaker - Maude Supernaw

	Speaker - Alice Crawfish Gilmore

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*sni-wa-te (sní watte)*
winter	Speaker - Fannie Goodeagle Richards

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*sni-wa-te hi (sní watte hi)*
cold weather - very	Speaker - Maude Supernaw

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*sni-wa-te (sníwatte)*
north, winter (RR-Quapaw)

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sni-wa-te (sniwátte)

power of winter, male (RR-Quapaw)

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hi (hi)

very; with numerals: just, only (RR-Quapaw)

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Cold outside.
*a-shi sni-wa-te (áši sníwatté)*	Speaker - Alice Crawfish Gilmore

outside - cold weather

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Dhegiha Language Family Comparison

· sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - north, winter (RR-Quapaw)

· sni-wa-te (sniwátte) - power of winter, male (RR-Quapaw)

· ʰni-wa-tse (ʰní-wa-tse) - to be cold (FL-Osage)

· ʰni-wa-ʰtse (ʰní-wa-t̩se) - cold weather, a cold day (FL-Osage)

· ni-wa-tse (ní-wa-tse) - it is cold (FL-Osage)

· ni-wa-ʰtse (níwaʰce) - be cold, an impersonal weather expression, not used for people (CQ-Osage)

· ʰni-wa-tse (ʰniwace) - cold, as the weather, winter months (Kanza)

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· sni-tʰe (snítʰe) - cold, to have a cold (RR-Quapaw)

· zni-tʰe (znítʰe) - to be cold, said of humans (Omaha/Ponca)

· zni-te (çní-te) - chill (Omaha)

· ʰni-ʰtse (hní-t̩se) - cold (FL-Osage)

· ni-ʰtse (níʰce) - be cold, feel cold, animate subject (CQ-Osage)

· ʰni-tse (ʰníce) - to be cold, as a person (Kanza)