Quapaw Language:

coal

*ta-xde sa (táxde sa)*
coal - black	Speaker - Maude Supernaw

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ta-xde (táxde)

coals, charcoal (RR-Quapaw)

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sa (sa)

black that is near, distinct (RR-Quapaw)

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Dhegiha Language Family Comparison

· ta-xde (táxde) - coals, charcoal (RR-Quapaw)

· noⁿ-xthe (noⁿxthe) - coal fuel, charcoal (Omaha)

· noⁿ-xthe (noⁿ-xthé) - charcoal, coal (FL-Osage)

· naⁿ-xle (naⁿxlé) - coals, embers (Kanza)

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· sa (sa) - black that is near, distinct (RR-Quapaw)

· sa-be (sábe) - black, black for a nearby object (Omaha/Ponca)

· sa-be (çá-be) - black (FL-Osage)

· sa (sa), sa-pe (sápe) - black (CQ-Osage)

· sa-be (sábe) - black, a nearby black (Kanza)