Speaker - Maude Supernaw

As Maude Supernaw stated the concept of Christmas would not have been known to the older generations of Quapaws, however modern translations for Christmas have been created as seen below.

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Dhegiha Language Family Comparison

·         wa-koⁿ-da i-zhiⁿ-ga i-ta-te (wakoⁿda izhiⁿga itate) - Christmas (Omaha)

·         wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta i-zhiⁿ-ke i-ki-ta-the (waʰkó̜ta iží̜ke íikitaðe) - Christmas, literally God’s son is born again, implies the day recurs (CQ-Osage)

·         wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta i-zhiⁿ-ke haⁿ-pa i-tha-liⁿ (waʰkó̜ta iží̜ke hą́ąpa iðáalį) - Merry Christmas! literally, good with God’s son’s day (CQ-Osage)

·         xoⁿ-tse hu ka-xe hoⁿ-pa (xǫǫcéhu káaγe hó̜ǫpa) - Christmas, literally, cedar tree preparation day (CQ-Osage)