Kwapa Texts January 1894
(X) wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde: or, The Four Women
Told by Buffalo Calf

1)

There were four women who lived together, they say.

wa-x’o to-wa

waxʔó tówa

woman/four

ti-kde ni-kʰa

ttíkde nikʰá

to live together in same tent, set up housekeeping, dwell together, keep house+they, 3^rd person plural continuative sitting = they were dwelling in a lodge together

naⁿ i-ya-we

ną iyáwe

regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/to say+pluralizer = they say

2)

The four of them had been raised together, they say.

miⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ to-wa-wi i-ya-we

mį́tą nąhą́ tówawí iyáwe

together, in one place together/*/four+pluralizer = they were four/they say

* nąhą́ …. ‘old, grown up, mature, raised; if, when’

3)

There was this grown one, this next one, this third one, and this last one, the youngest one, they say.

de naⁿ-haⁿ tʰaⁿ naⁿ i-ya-we

dé nąhą́ tʰą ną iyáwe

this/old, grown up, mature, raised/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/they say

4)

de o-ba-tʰaⁿ i-ya-we

dé obátʰą iyáwe

this/next, following, next in order or line/they say

5)

de i-da-bni i-ya-we

dé ídabni iyáwe

this/ordinal numeral marker+three = third/they say

6)

de we-ha-ke, de zhiⁿ-ka tʰaⁿ i-ya-we

dé wéhake, dé žįká tʰą iyáwe

this/last, the last one in line/this/small, little; young/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/they say

7)

This was their names, this is how the four women who live together were called, they say.

ha-o, ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde

hao, kóišǫ́ttą waxʔó tówa ttíkde

*/then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/woman/four/dwell in a lodge together

* hao …. ‘yes, well, ho, thank you, how are you, agreed, sign of approval as the English “Hear! Hear!”, interjection of approval, marks a change of idea as the beginning of a new paragraph in writing, used in calling to a distant person, oral period, masculine imperative’

da-ta-i

dataí

read aloud, pronounce, call, call by name, say the name of something or someone+pluralizer = they call

ni-kʰa naⁿ i-ya-we zha-zhe

nikʰá ną iyáwe žáže

they, 3^rd person plural continuative sitting/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/they say/name

8)

There was a Man Eater lurking about, he had come to eat them, however he was going to fatten them up before eating them, they say.

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ o-do-tʰe

kóišǫ́ttą ódotʰe

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/man eater, they talked and looked like Indians, they roamed the surface of the earth in olden times, they used to see the man eaters

shiⁿ-wa-de

šįwáde

fat, obese, plump, fleshy+to cause them = to fatten them

hi naⁿ i-ya-we

hí ną iyáwe

to arrive, reach there, have been/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/they say

9)

The four women who live together went to dig for potatoes, they say.

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde to k’e

kóišǫ́ttą waxʔó tówa ttíkde tó kʔe

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/woman/four/dwell in a lodge together/potato/to dig

de-naⁿ-wi i-ya-we

dé-ną-wi iyáwe

to go+regularly, usually, often; past sign, when+pluraizer = they went/they say

10)

When they arrived back home, they prepared many potatoes, they say.

to zho-hi hi ka-xa-i naⁿ

tó žóhi hí káxaí ną

potato/much, many/very, intensifier/to make, do, cause+pluraizer = they make/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

kʰi-naⁿ-wi i-ya-we

kʰí-ną-wi iyáwe

to arrive back at one’s own+regularly, usually, often; past sign, when+pluraizer = when they arrived back home/they say

11)

When it was evening, they cooked the potatoes themselves, they say.

pa-ze de naⁿ

ppáze dé ną

evening, dusk, not quite dark, close of the day+go, depart; this; causative = a little after dark, after dark, it became night/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

o-ki-hoⁿ-wi i-ya-we, to

ókkihǫwí iyáwe, tó

*/they say/potato

* ókkihǫwí …. ‘to boil or cook for oneself+pluraizer = they cooked or boiled for themselves’ or ‘to cook or boil several things together+pluralizer = they boiled them together’

12)

When they had finished eating their share, when it became dark, they went to sleep, they say.

kda-tʰe ki-ha-i naⁿ

kdatʰé kiháí ną

to eat one’s share, to eat what is set before one, to eat one’s own/finish, quit+pluraizer = they finish/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

zhaⁿ-ki-da-wi i-ya-we

žą́kkidáwi iyáwe

sleep, lie, recline+to cause oneself+pluraizer = they went to sleep/they say

pa-ze de naⁿ

ppáze dé ną

a little after dark, after dark, it became night/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

13)

The next morning, that youngest one went outside, they say.

ka-sa-ni-a-ti e zhiⁿ-ka tʰaⁿ

kásaniáti e žįká tʰą

in the morning, on the next morning/aforementioned, that, he, she, it/small, little; young/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

a-shi-ti hi i-ya-we

ášitti hí iyáwe

outside, outdoors+to arrive, reach there, have been = she went outside/they say

14)

She went outside to get wood, they say.

zhoⁿ di-ze hi i-ya-we

žǫ́ díze hí iyáwe

wood, tree/get, take, seize/to arrive, reach there, have been/they say

15)

When the youngest one came back, she said, “My older sister, there is truly black bear meat out there!” they say.

kdi naⁿ,

kdí ną,

to have come back here+regularly, usually, often; past sign, when = when she came back

“wi-zhoⁿ-de wa-sa zho e-ti

“wižǫdé wasá žo ettí

my older sister (female speaking)/black bear/flesh, meat/aforementioned, that, he, she, it+at, by, in, to = there, then, said of time as well as place

niⁿ-kʰe de,”

nįkʰé dé,”

the singular, sitting; 3^rd person singular continuative sitting/really, indeed, strong affirmative, oral period

i-ye kdi i-ya-we

iyé kdi iyáwe

to say+to have come back here = she said when she came back/they say

16)

The youngest one said to the older sister, “Go get it and bring it back here,” they say.

“a-niⁿ ki-naⁿ de,” i-ke i-ya-we

“anį́ ki-ną dé,” iké iyáwe

to have, to keep+be returning to here+*+to go = go and bring it home/to say that to someone/they say

* ną, nǫ …. the singular sitting; only, just, alone; habitual, regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

17)

The older sister said, “Why didn’t you bring it here? We will eat it,” they say.

“haⁿ-tʰe a-tiⁿ shki-zhi a,

“hą́tʰe attį́ škiží a,

why/you have, you keep+you be returning here+not, negation = you did not bring it here/question sign

aⁿ-da-tʰe te-a,” i-yi i-ya-we

ądátʰe ttéa,” iyí iyáwe

we eat, I and one other/shall, will; allow, let, let’s/to have said+they say = they say that she said

18)

Then, the older sister said, “I will go there for it and bring it home,” they say.

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ, “a-ki a-kde te-a,” i-yi i-ya-we

kóišǫ́ttą, “akí akdé tteá,” iyí iyáwe

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/*/shall, will; allow, let, let’s/to have said+they say = they say that she said

* akí akdé ‘I will go there for it and bring it home’ substituted for akí kde ‘to go there for it and bring it home’

19)

Well, when she arrived there for it, she cut off a piece of the black bear meat, then she returned with it, they say.

ha-o, a-ki hi naⁿ

hao, akí hi ną

well/to come or go for an object, not one’s own+arrive, reach there, have been = she arrived there for it/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

a-niⁿ kdi i-ya-we

anį́ kdi iyáwe

to have, to keep+to have come back here = she brought it home/they say

20)

wa-sa zho pa-shpe a-niⁿ kdi i-ya-we

wasá žo pašpé anį́ kdi iyáwe

black bear/meat/cut out a piece with a knife/to have, to keep+to have come back here = she brought it home/they say

21)

When the meat was cooked, they cooked it with many potatoes and they ate it, they say.

o-hoⁿ-i naⁿ to-a-ta o-ki-hoⁿ-i naⁿ da-tʰa-i ke i-ya-we

ohǫ́i ną́ toattá okkíhǫi ną́ datʰaí ké iyáwe

*¹/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/potato/beyond, more than, extreme, excessive/*²/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/to eat+pluralizer = they eat/the plural standing or scattered/they say

*¹ ohǫ́i …. ‘to cook, to boil+copula = it was boiled’ or ‘to cook, to boil+pluralizer = they cook’

*² okkíhǫi …. ‘to boil or cook for oneself+pluraizer = they cooked or boiled for themselves’ or ‘to boil several things together for oneself+copula = it was boiled together’

22)

Well, when they had finished eating, they went to dig for potatoes again, they say.

ha-o, shi-naⁿ wa-naⁿ-bde ki-ha naⁿ

hao, šiną́ waną́bde kihá ną

well/again, and, also/eat, eat a meal, dine; food/finish, quit/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

* kihá substituted for kihé

to k’e da-we i-ya-we

tó kʔe dáwe iyáwe

potato/to dig/to go+pluralizer = they went/they say

23)

They were digging for potatoes in a ravine on the prairie, they say.

te-xe o-ka-xo-we de-kʰe-koⁿ to k’e pa i i-ya-we

tteγé okáxowe dekʰekǫ́ to kʔe ppá-i iyawe

prairie/*/this+the singular lying object+as, since, so, like = this kind/potato/to dig+the plural, moving, animate objects; 3^rd person plural, they moving = they were digging/declarative, period, oral stop/they say

* okáxowe …. ‘locative, place at which, at a place, culmination of a certain action or state, wherein a certain thing takes place, in, inside, into+gap in mountains, ravine, hollow = a coulee, gully, ravine

24)

Again, they prepared many potatoes, then they returned home, packing the potatoes on their back, they say.

shi-naⁿ zho-hi hi ka-xa-we i-ya-we, to

šíną žohí hi káγawe iyáwe, tó

again, and, also/much, many/very, intensifier/to make, do, cause+pluraizer = they make/they say/potato

25)

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ kda-we i-ya-we,

kóišǫ́ttą kdáwe iyáwe,

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/go home, to start homeward+pluralizer = they started home/they say

ki-k’iⁿ naⁿ

kikʔį́ ną

to carry or pack on one’s own back/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

26)

Well, when they returned home, as it became dark, they cooked the potatoes themselves, they say.

ha-o, kʰi naⁿ

hao, kʰí ną

well/to arrive back at one’s own/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

pa-ze de taⁿ

ppáze dé tą

evening, dusk, not quite dark, close of the day+go, depart; this; causative = a little after dark/and, when, since, as

to o-ki-hoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe i-ya-we

tó okkíhǫ nįkʰé iyáwe

potato/*/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/they say

* okkíhǫ …. ‘to boil or cook for oneself’ or ‘to boil several things together for oneself’

27)

When the potatoes were done cooking, they ate their share, they say.

ti-te-ki-de naⁿ

títtekíde ną

ripe, cooked, well done+to cause one’s own= caused it to be done/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

kda-tʰa-we i-ya-we

kdatʰáwe iyáwe

to eat one’s share, to eat what is set before one, to eat one’s own+pluraizer = they ate their share/they say

28)

After they had finished eating, when it had became dark, they went to sleep, they say.

wa-naⁿ-bde ki-ha naⁿ

waną́bde kihá ną

eat, eat a meal, dine; food/finish, quit/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

* kihá substituted for kihé

pa-ze de naⁿ

ppáze de ną

evening, dusk, not quite dark, close of the day+go, depart; this; causative = a little after dark/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

zhaⁿ-ki-da-we i-ya-we

žą́kkidáwe iyáwe

sleep, lie, recline+to cause oneself+pluraizer = they went to sleep/they say

29)

Well, then, the next morning, the youngest one and the next one were standing there, when the youngest one went to get wood, they say.

ha-o, ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ ka-sa-ni-a-ti naⁿ

hao, kóišǫ́ttą kásaniáti ną́

well/then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/in the morning, on the next morning/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

e-ti e zhiⁿ-ka tʰaⁿ

étti e žįká tʰą

there, then/aforementioned, that, he, she, it/small, little; young/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

o-ba-tʰaⁿ tʰaⁿ

obátʰą tʰą

next, following, next in order or line/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

zhoⁿ di-ze hi i-ya-we

žǫ díze hí iyáwe

wood, tree/get, take, seize/to arrive, reach there, have been/they say

30)

When the youngest one returned, she said, “My older sister, there is black bear meat out there,” they say.

kdi naⁿ, “wi-zhoⁿ-de,

kdi ną, “wižǫdé,

to have come back here/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/my elder sister (female speaking)

wa-sa zho e-ti niⁿ-kʰe,”

wasá žo ettí nįkʰé,”

black bear/flesh, meat/there, then/the singular, sitting; 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

i-ye kdi i-ya-we

iyé kdi iyáwe

to say/to have come back here/they say

31)

During the night the Man Eater had come with the black bear meat for them, they say.

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ haⁿ taⁿ

kóišǫ́ttą hą́ tą

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/night+and, when, since, as = at night or during the night

o-do-tʰe tʰi niⁿ i-ya-we

ódotʰe tʰi nį́ iyáwe

man eater/arrive, to have come here/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/they say

32)

wa-sa zho

wasá žo

black bear/flesh, meat

wa-ki-niⁿ tʰi

wákinį tʰi

to have or keep for them+arrive, to have come here = to have arrived there with something for them

niⁿ i-ya-we

nį́ iyáwe

3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/they say

33)

He was planning on fattening up the four women who live together, they say.

wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde shiⁿ-wa-de

waxʔó tówa ttíkde šįwáde

woman/four/dwell in a lodge together/fat, obese, plump, fleshy+to cause them = to fatten them

di-knaⁿ niⁿ i-ya-we

dikną́ nį iyáwe

to decide, try, make effort = he planned or decided, he thought/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/they say

34)

Then, the youngest one said to her older sister, “Get the black bear meat!” they say.

naⁿ-zha, “wa-sa zho niⁿ-kʰe

ną́ža, “wasá žo nįkʰé

but, then, though, although, notwithstanding, because of/black bear/flesh, meat/the singular, sitting; 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

di-ze naⁿ e-de,” i-ke i-ya-we

dizé ną edé,” iké iyáwe

get, take, seize/*/really, indeed, strong affirmative, oral period/to say that to someone/they say

* ną, nǫ …. the singular sitting; only, just, alone; habitual, regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

35)

Her older sister went to fetch the meat, she returned with it, when she had returned with it, they cooked the meat and ate it, they say.

e-zhoⁿ-de a-ki de i-ya-we

ežǫ́de akí de iyáwe

a woman’s elder sister = her elder sister/to come or go for an object, not one’s own+to go =  to go for something not one’s own, she went after it/they say

36)

a-niⁿ kdi i-ya-we

anį́ kdi iyáwe

to have, to keep+to have come back here = she brought it home/they say

37)

a-niⁿ kdi naⁿ

anį́ kdi ną

to have, to keep+to have come back here = she brought it home/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

o-hoⁿ-i taⁿ da-tʰa-we i-ya-we

ohǫ́i tą datʰáwe iyáwe

*/and, when, since, as/to eat+pluralizer = they eat/they say

* ohǫ́i …. ‘to cook, to boil+pluralizer = they cook’ or ‘to cook, to boil+copula = it was boiled’

38)

Then they figured out what was happening, the Man Eater had been putting out the food to fatten them up, they knew that the Man Eater was coming for them, they say.

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ i-ki-pa-haⁿ-wi i-ya-we,

kóišǫ́ttą íkkippahąwí iyáwe,

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/to know for one’s self+pluralizer = they knew it for themselves/they say

o-do-tʰe tʰi niⁿ i-ba-haⁿ-wi i-ya-we

ódotʰe tʰi nį́ íbahąwí iyáwe

man eater/arrive, to have come here/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/to know+pluralizer = they knew it/they say

39)

Just as they were about to flee from the Man Eater, the old female dog gave birth to four large puppies, they say.

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ ha-za-wi i-ya-we

kóišǫ́ttą házawí iyáwe

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/run away, flee, to flee from danger, escape+pluralizer = they flee/they say

40)

shoⁿ-ke we-ta-de

šǫ́ke wéttade

dog/the plural animate objects, the subject of an action+to bear a child, to give birth = to give birth to them, she had pups

e-ti tʰaⁿ naⁿ i-ya-we

ettí tʰą ną iyáwe

there, then/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/they say

41)

shoⁿ-zhi-ka ko-i-she taⁿ-ka to-wa ke i-ya-we

šǫ́žika koišé ttąká tówa ke iyáwe

*/aforementioned words or manner, so, that, that part/big, large/four/the plural standing or scattered/they say

* šǫ́žika …. ‘puppy, pup’, contraction of šǫ́ke ‘dog’ and žika ‘small, little; young’

42)

Because there were only four puppies and there were four women, each woman took a puppy as they fled, they say.

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ shoⁿ-zhi-ka ke naⁿ

kóišǫ́ttą šǫ́žika ke ną́

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/puppy, pup/the plural standing or scattered/*

* ną, nǫ …. ‘only, just, alone; habitual, regularly, usually, often; past sign, when; the singular sitting’

wa-x’o to-wa ke taⁿ-ha,

waxʔó tówa ke tą́ha,

woman/four/the plural standing or scattered/because

shoⁿ-zhi-ka miⁿ-xti-naⁿ-naⁿ a-niⁿ aⁿ-tʰaⁿ

šǫ́žika mį́xtiną́ną ánį ą́tʰą

puppy, pup/one, a, an+very, real, fully+apiece, each = only one apiece/to have, to keep/when, and

ha-ze da-we i-ya-we

háze dáwe iyáwe

run away, flee, to flee from danger, escape/to go+pluralizer = they go/they say

43)

Then, the old female dog was left sitting there alone while they fled, they say.

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ shoⁿ wa-x’o zhi-ka

kóišǫ́ttą šǫ́ wáxʔo žíka

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/dog, contraction of šǫ́ke ‘dog’/woman+small, little = old woman, little old lady

niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ

nįkʰé ną

3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/only, just, alone

shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe da-we i-ya-we

šǫ́ nįkʰé dáwe iyáwe

and, still, thus, yet, while, as, when/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to go+pluralizer = they go/they say

44)

So, they had fled, each having a puppy, the old female dog was sitting there alone when the Man Eater arrived, they say.

koⁿ i-de tʰe e-koⁿ o-do-tʰe tʰi i-ya-we

kǫ idé tʰe ekǫ́ ódotʰe tʰí iyáwe

as, since, so, like/to have gone, departed/*/that sort, like, thus, like that, so/man eater/arrive, to have come here/they say

* tʰe …. ‘the past act, completed action; narrative marker; the singular, standing or collection’

45)

The old female dog was sitting there as the Man Eater arrived, they say.

shoⁿ wa-x’o zhi-ka shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe

šǫ́ wáxʔo žíka šǫ́ nįkʰé

dog, contraction of šǫ́ke ‘dog’/old woman, little old lady/and, still, thus, yet, while, as, when/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

tʰi i-ya-we

tʰí iyáwe

arrive, to have come here/they say

46)

When he arrived, he said, “Ho ho ho! Ho ho ho! The four women who live together, I have made them fat!  Ho ho ho! Ho ho ho! The four women who live together, I have made them fat!” they say.

tʰi naⁿ, “ho ho ho! ho-ho-ho!

tʰí ną, “ho-ho-hó! ho-ho-hó!

arrive, to have come here/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/interjection, expressing joy/interjection, expressing joy

wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde shiⁿ wa-pa-xe naⁿ!

wáxʔo tówa ttíkde šį́ wappáγe ną!

woman/four/dwell in a lodge together/fat, obese, plump, fleshy/I make them/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

“ho ho ho! ho-ho-ho! wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde

“ho-ho-hó! ho-ho-hó! wáxʔo tówa ttíkde

interjection, expressing joy/interjection, expressing joy/woman/four/dwell in a lodge together

shiⁿ wa-pa-xe naⁿ!”

šį́ wappáγe ną!”

fat, obese, plump, fleshy/I make them/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

i-ye niⁿ i-ya-we

iyé nį iyáwe

to say/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/they say

47)

While he was walking about, he was saying, “Ho ho ho! The four women who live together, I have made them fat!  Ho ho ho! The four women who live together, I have made them fat!” they say.

shoⁿ maⁿ-niⁿ a-taⁿ,

šǫ mą́nį áttą,

and, still, thus, yet, while, as, when/to walk/and, when

“ho ho ho! ho-ho-ho! wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde

“ho-ho-hó! ho-ho-hó! wáxʔo tówa ttíkde

interjection, expressing joy/interjection, expressing joy/woman/four/dwell in a lodge together

shiⁿ wa-pa-xe naⁿ!

šį́ wappáγe ną!

fat, obese, plump, fleshy/I make them/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

ho ho ho! ho-ho-ho! wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde

ho-ho-hó! ho-ho-hó! wáxʔo tówa ttíkde

interjection, expressing joy/interjection, expressing joy/woman/four/dwell in a lodge together

shiⁿ wa-pa-xe naⁿ!

šį́ wappáγe ną!

fat, obese, plump, fleshy/I make them/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

i-ye niⁿ i-ya-we

iyé nį iyáwe

to say/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/they say

48)

The Man Eater questioned the old female dog, they say.

shoⁿ wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe i-ki-aⁿ-xa-we i-ya-we

šǫ́ wáxʔo žiká nįkʰé íkiąγáwe iyáwe

dog, contraction of šǫ́ke ‘dog’/old woman, little old lady/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/*/they say

* íkiąγáwe …. ‘to question one’s own relation+evidential marker’ or ‘to question one’s own relation+pluralizer’ …. áwe ‘they said’ is a contraction of e ‘to say’ + awi ‘pluralizer’ + e ‘declarative’, personal communication with Dr. Robert Rankin

49)

He said, “Where have the four women who live together gone?” they say.

“wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde

“waxʔó tówa ttíkde

woman/four/dwell in a lodge together

ha-ki i-da-we,” i-ke i-ya-we

hakí idáwe,” iké iyáwe

where/to have gone, departed+pluralizer = they have gone/to say that to someone/they say

50)

The old female dog said, “I do not know where they have gone,” they say.

“ha-ki i-da-we i-pa-haⁿ-zhi miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi i-ya-we

“hakí idáwe íppahąží mįkʰé,” iyí iyáwe

where/they have gone/I know+not, negation = I do not know/1^st person singular sitting/to have said+they say = they say that she said

shoⁿ wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe

šǫ́ wáxʔo žiká nįkʰé

dog, contraction of šǫ́ke ‘dog’/old woman, little old lady/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

51)

The Man Eater said to the old female dog, “I said, tell me where the four women who live together have gone or I will eat you up,” they say.

“wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ha-ki i-da-we,” i-he,

“waxʔó tówa ttíkde hakí idáwe, ihé,

woman/four/dwell in a lodge together/where/they have gone/I say

di-e wi-bda-sniⁿ moⁿ te-a,” i-ke i-ya-we

díe wíbdasnį́ mǫ́ ttéa,” iké iyáwe

you/I to you+I swallow, gulp, devour = I devour you/I do, I be/shall, will; allow, let, let’s/to say that to someone/they say

52)

Again, she said to him, “I do not know where they have gone,” they say.

“ha-ki i-da-we i-pa-haⁿ-zhi miⁿ-kʰe,”

“hakí idáwe íppahąží mįkʰé,”

where/they have gone/I know+not, negation = I do not know/1^st person singular sitting

shi-naⁿ i-ke i-ya-we

šíną iké iyáwe

again, and, also/to say that to someone/they say

53)

Then the Man Eater chewed up the old female dog and devoured her, they say.

e-ti wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe

étti wáxʔo žiká nįkʰé

there, then/old woman, little old lady/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

da-s[e] a-taⁿ da-sniⁿ i-ya-we

das[é] á-ttą dasnį́ iyáwe

to bite off, to cut or chop with the mouth = he killed her by biting/and, when/to swallow, gulp, devour/they say

54)

When he had finished devouring the old female dog, he said, “Ho ho ho! Where have the four women who live together gone,” as he was looking around for them, they say.

da-sniⁿ ki-ha naⁿ,

dasnį́ kihá ną,

to swallow, gulp, devour/finish, quit/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

* kihá substituted for kihé

“ho ho ho! wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde

“ho-ho-ho! wax’ó tówa ttíkde

interjection, expressing joy/woman/four/dwell in a lodge together

ha-ki i-da-i niⁿ,”

hakí idaí nį,”

where/to have gone, departed+pluralizer = they have gone/*

* nį …. the collection or class of objects, the lot; the singular moving; 3^rd person singular moving

i-ya taⁿ

iyá ttą

it is said/and, when, since, as

o-wa-te koⁿ tʰaⁿ i-ya-we

ówatte kǫ-tʰą́ iyáwe

to look for, search, or hunt them/as, since, so, like/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/they say

55)

Then, at that time, he smelled where they had gone and he began trailing them, they say.

e-shoⁿ-taⁿ da-i ke o-wa-di-bnaⁿ de i-ya-we

ešǫ́ttą daí ke ówadíbną dé iyáwe

then, at that time, and then/to go+pluraizer = they go/the plural standing or scattered/to smell them/to go/they say

56)

o-do-wa-he de i-ya-we

odówahe dé iyáwe

to trail, to track, to follow them/to go/they say

57)

Well, when he had caught up to them, they were carrying spotted coals with them, they say.

ha-o, o-wa-xde i-ya-we

hao, ówaxdé iyáwe

well/to chase and overtake, to pursue and overtake a person or animal+the plural animate objects, the subject of an action = he overtook them/they say

58)

o-wa-xde naⁿ

ówaxde ną́

to overtake them/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

ta-xde ki-kde-zhe de-koⁿ

táxde kikdéže dékǫ

coals, charcoal, ember, fire coal/spotted, speckled; go out, as a fire; fade, to lose color/this+as, since, so, like = this sort, like this, this kind

a-niⁿ pa i-ya-we

anį́ ppa iyáwe

to have, to keep/the plural, moving, animate objects; 3^rd person plural, they moving/they say

59)

When the Man Eater had come very close to them, they each tossed their spotted coals in his direction which caused a huge fire, they say.

a-shka hi o-do-tʰe tʰi taⁿ,

ašká hi ódotʰe tʰí tą,

near, close/very, intensifier/man eater/arrive, to have come here/and, when, since, as

ta-xde ki-kde-zhe

taxdé kikdéže

coals, charcoal, ember, fire coal/spotted, speckled; go out, as a fire; fade, to lose color

de-koⁿ niⁿ-kʰe

dekǫ́ nįkʰé

this sort, like this, this kind/the singular, sitting; 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de

kikkiǫ́de déde

to throw one’s own at someone+sent away, causative of go; sudden or intentional action = she threw her own away at him

naⁿ i-ya-we

ną iyáwe

regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/they say

60)

pe-te-shte maⁿ-shi hi de i-ya-we

ppettéšte mą́ši hí dé iyáwe

*/high, above, upper, upward, heaven/very, intensifier/to go; to cause/they say

* ppettéšte ‘blaze’ …. ppétte, ‘fire’ + a contraction of stétte, ‘tall, long’

61)

Then, the Man Eater suddenly stopped, he could not move forward due to the huge fire, he had to turn back, they say.

e-shoⁿ o-do-tʰe a-ba-t’o i-naⁿ,

ešǫ́ ódotʰe ábatʔo iną́,

then, at length, and/man eater/to stop, to impede progress/sign of sudden effect; sentence final

xa-da de i-ya-we

xáda dé iyáwe

back, returning, back to starting point, back again to the starting point, backward, reverse/to go/they say

62)

Then, at that time, the four women who live together quickly began to run home, they say.

e-ti-tʰaⁿ

ettítʰą

from that time, at that time, from then on

ko-e-kde pa

koékde ppá

quickly, with a rush+go home, to start homeward = to start to run homeward; to start to run back to/3^rd person plural, they moving; the plural, moving, animate objects

i-ya-we wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde

iyáwe waxʔó tówa ttíkde

they say/woman/four/dwell in a lodge together

63)

The Man Eater went around the huge fire and again he went after them, they say.

pe-te-shte maⁿ-shi hi niⁿ

ppettéšte mą́ši hí nį

blaze/high, above, upper, upward, heaven/very, intensifier/the singular moving; 3^rd person singular moving

i-di-shaⁿ a-taⁿ de i-ya-we

idišą́ attą́ dé iyáwe

to circle, to go around = he went around it/and, when/to go/they say

shi-naⁿ o-do-tʰe niⁿ

šiną́ ódotʰe nį́

again, and, also/man eater/3^rd person singular moving, the singular moving

64)

Again, as before, he had caught up to the four women who live together, they say.

shi-naⁿ-naⁿ o-wa-xde ki-ha i-ya-we

šiną́ną ówaxde kihá iyáwe

again, and, also/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/to overtake them/finish, quit/they say

65)

When he had caught up to them again, they had been carrying dirt clods with them, they say.

shi-naⁿ o-wa-xde naⁿ

šíną ówaxdé ną

again, and, also/to overtake them/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

ma-ni-ka ka-tʰe

maníkka katʰé

earth, soil, ground, dirt+hump, clod, lump, clump = dirt clod

a-niⁿ pa i-ya-we

anį́ ppa iyáwe

to have, to keep+3^rd person plural, they moving; the plural, moving, animate objects = they have/they say

66)

The Man Eater had circled around the huge fire and was there, in front of them, they tossed the dirt clods in his direction, they say.

o-do-tʰe do-hi tʰi taⁿ,

ódotʰe dóhi tʰí tą,

man eater/ahead there or before (them), straight towards (them)/arrive, to have come here/and, when, since, as

ma-ni-ka ka-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe

maníkka katʰé nįkʰé

earth, soil, ground, dirt+hump, clod, lump, clump = dirt clod/the singular, sitting; 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

oⁿ-da de-da-we i-ya-we

ǫ́da dédawe iyáwe

to throw away/sent away, causative of go; sudden or intentional action+pluralizer = they sent it off/they say

67)

Then, he became stuck in the mud, he sank into a muddy hole, they say.

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ ka-ta-te

kóišǫ́ttą katátte

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/stuck in the mud, to get mired; mud, mire = he got stuck

de di-’a-i

de diʔai

to go/to fail, fall short of, to be unable to finish or accomplish+copula = he was unable

* diʔa = dišʔá

niⁿ i-ya-we,

nį iyáwe,

3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/they say

o-ka-kdo niⁿ i-ya-we

okákdo nį́ iyáwe

to become mired or stuck in mud+3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving = he sank in the mud hole/they say

68)

At that time, the four women who live together were doing their best to escape, they say.

e-ti-tʰaⁿ

ettítʰą

from that time, at that time, from then on

a-zho-wa hi

ážowa hi

with effort, with one’s might, fast as possible+very, intensifier = with great effort, with all one’s might, as fast as possible

pa i-ya-we

ppá iyáwe

the plural, moving, animate objects; 3^rd person plural, they moving/they say

69)

Well, Somehow or other, the Man Eater managed to free himself from the mud hole and went after them, they say.

ha-o, haⁿ-ni-te ka-ta-te

hao, hą́nitté katátte

well/*/stuck in the mud, to get mired; mud, mire = he got stuck

* hą́nitté ‘somehow or other’ used here, but hą́nį hítte ‘somehow or other’ used latter in the story

ka-xdo de

kaxdó dé

by striking, by blows, by impact, by sudden application of force or sudden movement+hollow, holed through, to make a hole+to go = he got through

i-ya-we

iyáwe

they say

70)

When he had caught up to them again, they had been carrying large thorns with them, they say.

shi-naⁿ o-wa-xde i-ya-we

šíną ówaxde iyáwe

again, and, also/to overtake them/they say

71)

ha-o, e-ti to-hi taⁿ-ka a-niⁿ pa i-ya-we

hao, etti tóhi ttąka anį́ ppa iyáwe

well/there, then/thorn/big, large/to have, to keep/the plural, moving, animate objects; 3^rd person plural, they moving/they say

72)

When the Man Eater had come very close to them, they tossed their large thorns in his direction, they say.

o-do-tʰe a-shka hi tʰi taⁿ

ódotʰe áška hí tʰí tą

man eater/near, close/very, intensifier/arrive, to have come here/and, when, since, as

to-hi taⁿ-ka kʰe

tóhi ttąká kʰe

thorn/big, large/the singular lying object

ki-ki-oⁿ-da de-da-we

kíkkiǫ́da dédawe

to throw away one’s own for or at somemone+sent away, causative of go; sudden or intentional action+pluralizer = they threw their own away at him

i-ya-we

iyáwe

they say

73)

Then, the large pointed, extremely sharp thorns, stuck into him and he was unable to pull them out, they say.

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ to-hi taⁿ-ka po-i hi

kóišǫ́ttą tóhi ttąká ppói hí

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/thorn/big, large/sharp/very, intensifier

zi-ka a-ta-ha

zíkka áttaha

sharp point, sharp at the end/too, exceedingly, much

i-ba-xdo naⁿ

íbaxdo ną́

with which to, by means of; to, toward, from, due to; the place where, time when+pierce, stab, perforate = stuck in him/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

de-de di-’a-i

déde diʔaí

sent away, causative of go; sudden or intentional action/to fail, fall short of, to be unable to finish or accomplish+copula = he was unable

* diʔa = dišʔá

niⁿ i-ya-we

nį iyáwe

3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/they say

74)

Well, somehow or other he was able to free himself and again he went after them, they say.

ha-o, haⁿ-niⁿ hi-te shi-naⁿ de i-ya-we

hao, hą́nį hítte šíną dé iyáwe

well/*/again, and, also/to go/they say

* hą́nį hítte ‘somehow or other’ used here, but hą́nitté ‘somehow or other’ used previously in the story

75)

Again, as before, he had caught up to the four women who live together, they say.

wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde o-wa-xde i-ya-we

wax’ó tówa ttíkde ówaxde iyáwe

woman/four/dwell in a lodge together/to overtake them/they say

76)

Well, then, this time, when he had caught up to them, they put a puppy down for him, they say.

ha-o, e-t[i] e-zha shoⁿ-zhi-ka

hao, ett[i] éža šǫ́-žiká

well/then, in contrast to the preceding occurrences or results/puppy, pup

ki-ki-knaⁿ-wi i-ya-we

kíkikną́wi iyáwe

to put or set one’s own for someone+pluraizer = they put down their own for him/they say

77)

Then, while he was sitting there eating it, they ran away, they say.

e-ti da-tʰe shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe

étti datʰé šǫ́-nįkʰé

there, then/to eat/and, still, thus, yet, while, as, when/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

taⁿ-niⁿ da-we i-ya-we

ttą́nį dáwe iyáwe

to run, as a person on two legs/to go+pluralizer = they go/they say

78)

When he had devoured the entire puppy, he began chasing them, they say.

bdo-ka shoⁿ-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe

bdoká šǫ́-žiká nįkʰé

whole, entire, all, circular, round/puppy, pup/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

da-sniⁿ naⁿ wa-di-xe i-ya-we

dasnį́ ną wadixé iyáwe

to swallow, gulp, devour/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/to chase, pursue or hunt them/they say

79)

Again, as before, he had caught up to the four women who live together, they say.

shi-naⁿ o-wa-xde i-ya-we

šíną ówaxde iyáwe

again, and, also/to overtake them/they say

80)

Well, then, they put the second puppy down for him, they say.

ha-o, shoⁿ-zhi-ka i-naⁿ-pa tʰaⁿ

hao, šǫ-žiká inąpá tʰą

well/puppy, pup/second/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

ki-ki-knaⁿ-wi i-ya-we

kíkikną́wi iyáwe

to put or set one’s own for someone+pluraizer = they put down their own for him/they say

81)

Then, while he was sitting there eating it, they ran away, they say.

e-ti da-tʰe shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe

étti datʰé šǫ́-nįkʰé

there, then/to eat/and, still, thus, yet, while, as, when/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

taⁿ-niⁿ da-we i-ya-we

ttą́nį dáwe iyáwe

to run, as a person on two legs/to go+pluralizer = they go/they say

82)

Well, again, when he had devoured it, he chased them, they say.

ha-o, shi-naⁿ da-sniⁿ naⁿ wa-di-xe i-ya-we

hao, šíną dasnį́ ną wádixe iyáwe

well/again, and, also/to swallow, gulp, devour/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/to chase, pursue or hunt them/they say

83)

He had caught up to the entire group, they say.

bdo-ka o-wa-xde ki-ha i-ya-we

bdoká ówaxde kihá iyáwe

whole, entire, all, circular, round/to overtake them/finish, quit/they say

84)

Well, then they put the third puppy down for him, they say.

ha-o, e-ti shoⁿ-zhi-ka i-da-bniⁿ tʰaⁿ

hao, étti šǫ́-žiká ídabnį tʰą́

well/there, then/puppy, pup/third/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

ki-ki-knaⁿ-wi i-ya-we

kíkikną́wi iyáwe

to put or set one’s own for someone+pluraizer = they put down their own for him/they say

85)

At that time they ran away, in a very little while he had caught up to the entire group, they say.

e-ti-tʰaⁿ da-we e-shoⁿ bdo-ka

ettítʰą dáwe ešǫ́ bdoká

from that time, at that time, from then on/to go+pluraizer = they go/then, at length, and/whole, entire, all, circular, round

o-di-o-za-hi

odiózahí

place at which, at a place, culmination of a certain action or state, wherein a certain thing takes place, in, inside, into+just now, a short time ago+very, intensifier = in a very little while

o-wa-xde i-ya-we

ówaxde iyáwe

to overtake them/they say

86)

Well, then they put the fourth puppy, the last one down for him, they say.

ha-o, e-ti i-to-wa tʰaⁿ o-do-ha-ke

hao, étti ítowa tʰą odóhake

well/there, then/fourth/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/last, final, last one, to be the last

ki-ki-knaⁿ-wi i-ya-we shoⁿ-zhi-ka

kíkikną́wi iyáwe šǫ́-žiká

to put or set one’s own for someone+pluraizer = they put down their own for him/they say/puppy, pup

87)

Well, at that time, the old woman, the grown one, couldn’t go on any longer, she gave out, they say.

ha-o, e-ti-tʰaⁿ wa-x’o zhiⁿ-ka niⁿ di-sh’a i-ya-we

hao, ettítʰą waxʔó žįká nį dišʔá iyáwe

well/from that time, at that time, from then on/woman/small, little/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/give out, fail, fall short, unable/they say

88)

Then, the Man Eater devoured her, they say.

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ o-do-tʰe da-sniⁿ i-ya-we

kóišǫ́ttą ódotʰe dasnį́ iyáwe

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/man eater/to swallow, gulp, devour/they say

89)

Well, at that time, the second one couldn’t go on any longer, she gave out, they say.

ha-o, e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-naⁿ-pa niⁿ di-sh’a i-ya-we

hao, ettítʰą ínąpá nį dišʔá iyáwe

well/from that time, at that time, from then on/second/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/give out, fail, fall short, unable/they say

90)

Then, the Man Eater devoured her, they say.

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ o-do-tʰe da-sniⁿ i-ya-we

kóišǫ́ttą ódotʰe dasnį́ iyáwe

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/man eater/to swallow, gulp, devour/they say

91)

Well, then, at that time, the third couldn’t go on any longer, she gave out, they say.

ha-o, e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-da-bniⁿ di-sh’a i-ya-we

hao, ettítʰą ídabnį dišʔá iyáwe

well/from that time, at that time, from then on/third/give out, fail, fall short, unable/they say

92)

The Man Eater devoured them all, only one remained, they say.

bdo-ka o-do-tʰe da-sniⁿ i-ya-we:

bdoká ódotʰe dasnį́ iyáwe:

whole, entire, all, circular, round/man eater/to swallow, gulp, devour/they say

93)

miⁿ-xti o-shte i-ya-we

mį́xti ošté iyáwe

one, a, an+very, real, fully = just one, exactly one/remain, be left over, the remainder, spare, remnant/they say

94)

Then, the only one that remained went straight to a Devil, they say.

e-shoⁿ miⁿ-xti o-shte tʰaⁿ

ešǫ́ mį́xti ošté tʰą

then, at length, and/just one, exactly one/remain, be left over, the remainder, spare, remnant/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

sh’a taⁿ-ka do-taⁿ-ti hi i-ya-we

šʔa-ttą́ka dottą́tti hí iyáwe

*/straight+at, by, in, to = straight to him, directly to him/to arrive, reach there, have been/they say

* šʔa ttą́ka …. ‘evil spirit, a devil, later applied to the Christian personification of Satan’

95)

Then she said to him, “My grandfather, hide me! My grandfather, there truly is a Man Eater chasing me! My grandfather, I want you to hide me!” they say.

“wi-ti-kaⁿ, na-xnaⁿ ki-knaⁿ,”

“wittíką́, naxną́ kikną́,”

my grandfather/secretly, covertly+set, place or put one’s own = hide one’s own, hide one’s relation

i-ke i-ya-we

iké iyáwe

to say that to someone/they say

96)

“o-do-tʰe aⁿ-di-xe niⁿ e-de,

“ódotʰe ądíxe nį edé,

man eater/to chase, pursue or hunt me+3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving = he is chasing me/really, indeed, strong affirmative, oral period

wi-ti-kaⁿ,” i-ke i-ya-we

wittíką́,” iké iyáwe

my grandfather/to say that to someone/they say

97)

e-shoⁿ-taⁿ, “na-xnaⁿ da-ki-knaⁿ koⁿ-bda, wi-ti-kaⁿ,” i-ke i-ya-we

ešǫ́ttą, “naxną́ dakikną kkǫbdá, wittíką́,” iké iyáwe

then, at that time, and then/you hide me, your own relation/I want/my grandfather/to say that to someone/they say

98)

Well, the Devil said, “So shall it be,” they say.

ha-o, “e-koⁿ te,” i-yi i-ya-we

hao, “ekǫ́ tte,” iyí iyáwe

well/that sort, like, thus, like that, so/future, shall, will be/to have said+they say = they say that he said

99)

The Devil turned her into a small, rounded pin and stuck her into his hair, they say.

wa-hi-ka zhi-ka ta-sha-knaⁿ

wahíkka žíka tášakną́

awl+small, little+rounded, swollen, knob, knobby+to set, put, or place upon = small, rounded pin

o-do-hi ka-xe i-ya-we, sh’a taⁿ-ka

odóhi káxe iyáwe, šʔattą́ka

change into, turn into/to make, do, cause/they say/evil spirit, a devil

100)

ni-shki-ta a-ba-xda-te

niškítta ábaxdátte

back of the head/to, at, toward, in that direction/to push through

i-tʰe-de i-ya-we

itʰéde iyáwe

to put or place and make stand, to stand something up/they say

101)

In a very short time, the Man Eater arrived, they say.

wa-tʰaⁿ-zhi hi

watʰą́ži hí

the plural animate objects, the subject of an action+not of full length or measure = in a little while/very, intensifier

o-do-tʰe tʰi ki-ha i-ya-we

ódotʰe tʰí kihá iyáwe

man eater/arrive, to have come here/finish, quit/they say

102)

The Man Eater said to the Devil, “My grandfather, did you not see a woman arrive here?” they say.

“wi-ti-kaⁿ, wa-x’o miⁿ de-do i-hi naⁿ

“wittíką́, waxʔó mį dédo íhi ną

my grandfather/woman/one, a, an/here, this place, right here/arrive, reach the place/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

i-da-de-oⁿ-zhi a-e,” i-ke i-ya-we

ídadeǫži ae,” iké iyáwe

you see+to do, to be+not, negation = did you not see her/question sign/to say that to someone/they say

103)

The Devil said to the Man Eater, “I have been poking at this fire, sending off small sparks,” they say.

“e-ti pe-te a-ki-ba-xniⁿ-xniⁿ-zhe zhi-ka aⁿ-tʰaⁿ

“étti ppétte akibaxnįxnį́že žiká ątʰą́

there, then/fire/I push or punch at my own often making it send out sparks/small, little/when, and

shti-we-zhiⁿ pa,” i-ke i-ya-we

štíwežį ppá,” iké iyáwe

*+the plural, moving, animate objects; 3^rd person plural, they moving = there were sparks/to say that to someone/they say

* JOD writes, štíwe žįka, modern name for ‘sparks’, štíwe is also found in žǫštíwe datʰé, a month in the Quapaw lunar calendar

104)

The Man Eater said to the Devil, “Why! I said, my grandfather, did you not see a woman arrive here?” they say.

“ko! wi-ti-kaⁿ, wa-x’o miⁿ

“kó, wittíką́, waxʔó mį

why! interjection of surprise or anger/my grandfather/woman/one, a, an

de-do i-hi naⁿ

dédo íhi ną

here, this place, right here/arrive, reach the place/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

i-da-de-oⁿ-zhi a-e,

ídadeǫží ae,

you see+to do, to be+not, negation = did you not see her/question sign

i-pʰe” i-ke i-ya-we

ipʰé” iké iyáwe

I say/to say that to someone/they say

* ipʰé = ihé

105)

The Devil was ignoring the Man Eater, he did not want to listen to him, they say.

a-ki-na-x’oⁿ koⁿ-da-zhi

akkínaxʔǫ́ kǫdáži

to listen to/to want+not, negation = he did not want

she tʰaⁿ i-ya-we

šé tʰą iyáwe

that, that visible, that visible thing/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/they say

106)

The Devil said to the Man Eater, “I have been poking at it, sending off small sparks,” they say.

“a-ki-ba-xniⁿ-xniⁿ-zhe zhi-ka aⁿ-tʰaⁿ

“akíbaxnįxnį́že žiká ątʰą́

I push or punch at my own often making it send out sparks/small, little/when, and

shti-we-zhiⁿ pa,” i-ke naⁿ i-ya-we

štíwežį ppá,” iké ną iyáwe

there were sparks/to say that to someone/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/they say

107)

Just like that, the Devil kept ignoring the Man Eater and poking at the fire, the Devil was unwilling to tell the Man Eater where the woman was, they say.

e-koⁿ o-di-sh’a-ke naⁿ i-ya-we

ékǫ́ odíšʔaké ną iyáwe

that sort, like, thus, like that, so/to refuse, be unwilling, decline; lazy, be or become tired or weary of = he refused to tell him/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/they say

108)

The Devil had Man Eater dogs, they say.

shoⁿ-ke o-do-tʰe wa-niⁿ tʰaⁿ i-ya-we sh’a taⁿ-ka

šǫ́ke ódotʰe wánį tʰą iyáwe šʔattą́ka

dog/man eater/to have, to keep them/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/they say/evil spirit, a devil

109)

The Devil said to his Man Eater dogs, “Oooo! I have truly lost my patience with that one, I have no sympathy for him, he talks too much, younger brothers, what are you’all doing?” and then he sicced the Man Eater dogs on him, they say.

“Oooo! ka-tʰaⁿ

“Oooo! kátʰą

pshaw, interjection of contempt or impatience/that, not visible/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

wa-zhiⁿ-de-a-da-zhi

wažį́deádaži

I sympathize, I empathize+not, negation = I am out of patience with him, I have no sympathy for him

hi e-de, i-ye a-ta-ha,

hi edé, íye attahá,

very, intensifier/really, indeed, strong affirmative, oral period/to say/too, exceedingly, much

kʰa-ke, ha-zhoⁿ-wi-ke,” i-we-ki,

kʰaké, hažǫ́wiké,” iwéki,

younger brother or friend/you do+pluralizer+the plural standing or scattered = what are you’all doing?/to say that to them

* iwéki < iwéke

a-taⁿ shoⁿ-ke o-do-tʰe wa-kda-tiⁿ-tiⁿ i-ya-we

áttą šǫ́ke ódotʰe wákdattį́ttį iyáwe

and, when/dog/man eater/*/they say

* JOD’s translation for wákdattį́ttį ‘he told them to hasten to do it’.  There is also see wákdattítti ‘he told them often’.  The following Omaha words seem to fit as well, thadíⁿdiⁿ ‘to call aloud to another; to halloo; to bite hard on’, gthádiⁿdiⁿ ‘to hold his own tightly in the mouth’ presumably also ‘to call aloud to one’s own’

110)

When the dogs attacked, they chewed up the Man Eater, killing him, they say.

a-ki-da taⁿ

ákkidá tą

attack, attack in return; return blow for blow; contend as in a fight/and, when, since, as

da-sa-we i-ya-we,

dasáwe iyáwe,

to bite off, to cut or chop with the mouth+pluraizer = they chewed him up/they say

t’e-da-we i-ya-we

tʔédawe iyáwe

to kill+pluraizer = they kill him/they say

111)

Then the Devil retrieved the woman from his hair, they say.

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe

kóišǫ́ttą waxʔó nįkʰé

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/woman/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

kdi-ze i-ya-we

kdizé iyáwe

to get, take, seize one’s own/they say

112)

Even though he had turned her into a small pin, he turned her back into an Indian woman, they say.

wa-hi-ka zhi-ka ta-sha-knaⁿ o-do-hi ka-xe taⁿ ni-tʰe

wahíkka žíka tášakną́ odóhi káxe tą nitʰé

small rounded pin/change into, turn into/to make, do, cause/and, when, since, as/although, though; heretofore

shi-naⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka wa-x’o

šíną níkkašíka waxʔó

again, and, also/person, people, a man, clan/woman

o-do-hi-ki-de i-ya-we

odóhikkidé iyáwe

change into, turn into+to cause one’s own = he caused her to change into/they say

113)

Well, then the Devil said to her, “If you want to stay with me, you shall do so, how will you address me, what will our relation be?” they say.

ha-o, ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ wa-haⁿ i-ye haⁿ,

hao, kóišǫ́ttą wahą́ iye hą,

well/then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/relation, family, relatives/to say/what, how, in what manner

“aⁿ-naⁿ-da-ki-sh[e] a-taⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-ti-xe shkoⁿ-ta naⁿ

“ąną́dakiš[e] áttą ąną́ttixe škǫ́tta ną́

you say that to me/and, when/you stay with me, you take refuge with me/you want/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

e-ki-zhoⁿ te,” i-ke i-ya-we sh’a taⁿ-ka

ékižǫ tté,” iké iyáwe šʔattą́ka

you do so, you do that/future, shall, will be/to sat that to someone/they say/evil spirit, a devil

114)

He said to her, “If you want to address me as ‘my grandfather’ you will make me a grandfather,” they say.

“wi-ti-kaⁿ, aⁿ-naⁿ-da-ki-she shkoⁿ-ta naⁿ-haⁿ

“wittíką́, ąną́dakišé škǫ́tta nąhą́

my grandfather/you say that to me/you want/if, when

e-ti-kaⁿ-aⁿ-da-ki-de te,” i-ke i-ya-we

ettíkąądákide tté,” iké iyáwe

someone’s grandfather+you make or cause me = you make me a grandfather/future, shall, will be/to say that to someone/they say

115)

He said to her again, “If you are thinking, ‘I will make him my mother’s brother as I usually do’ you will make me a mother’s brother,” they say.

“shi-naⁿ, wi-te-ke-a-ki-de aⁿ-moⁿ,

“šiną́, wíttekeákide ąmǫ́,

again, and, also/my mother’s brother+I cause or make = I have him for my mother’s brother/I act or do in a certain way, I act so

i-ti-aⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ,

íttią́ nąhą́,

you think about what precedes/if, when

e-te-ke-aⁿ-da-ki-de te,”

ettékeądákide tté,”

someone’s mother’s brother+you make or cause me = you make me a mother’s brother/future, shall, will be

i-ke i-ya-we

iké iyáwe

to say that to someone/they say

116)

He said to her again, “If you say you want me as ‘my older brother’ you shall say ‘my older brother’,” they say.

“shi-naⁿ, wi-ti-to i-she shkoⁿ-ta naⁿ-haⁿ,

“šiną́, wittítto išé škǫ́tta nąhą́,

again, and, also/my elder brother (female speaking)/you say/you want/if, when

wi-ti-to i-she te,” i-ke i-ya-we

wittítto išé tte,” iké iyáwe

my elder brother (female speaking)/you say/future, shall, will be/to say that to someone/they say

117)

The woman stood there not saying a word, they say.

i-ya-zhi hi naⁿ

íyaži hí ną

to say+not, negation = to not speak, she spoke not/very, intensifier/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

i-ya-we wa-x’o tʰaⁿ

iyáwe waxʔó tʰą

they say/woman/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

118)

She wanted to take him for a husband, so she did not speak, they say.

e a-di-xe koⁿ-da,

é ádiγé kǫdá,

aforementioned, that, he, she, it+marry a man, take a man for a husband+to want = she wanted to marry him

i-ya-zhi niⁿ i-ya-we

íyaži nį iyáwe

to not speak or talk/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/they say

119)

He said to her again, “If you decide that you will take me for a husband, you shall take me for a husband!” they say.

“shi-naⁿ, aⁿ-ti-xe te i-ti-kdaⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ,

“šiną́, ą́ttiγe tté íttikdą nąhą́,

again, and, also/you take me for your husband/future, shall, will be/you think, you decide, you plan/if, when

aⁿ-ti-xa te,” i-ke i-ya-we

ą́ttiγa tté,” iké iyáwe

you take me for your husband/command, imperative/future, shall, will be/to say that to someone/they say

120)

The woman said to him, “So shall it be, I will take you for my husband,” then they married each other, they say.

“e-koⁿ te,” i-yi i-ya-we

“ekǫ́ tte,” iyí iyáwe

that sort, like, thus, like that, so/future, shall, will be/to have said+they say = they say that she said

121)

“a-wi-bdi-xe te,” i-ke i-ya-we

“áwibdíγe tté,” iké iyáwe

I take you for my husband/future, shall, will be/to say that that someone/they say

122)

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ ki-ki-knoⁿ-ka-we i-ya-we

kóišǫ́ttą kkikkíknǫkáwe iyáwe

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/reciprocal, each other+to marry a woman+pluralizer = they married each other/they say

123)

Well, when they had married each other, they went to live in her lodge, the Devil went with her, they say.

ha-o, ki-ki-knoⁿ-ka-i naⁿ

hao, kkikkíknǫkaí ną

well/reciprocal, each other+to marry a woman+pluralizer = they had married each other/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

sh’a taⁿ-ka ti e-ta tʰe-ta

šʔattą́ka tti ettá tʰettá

evil spirit, a devil/house, dwelling, lodge/his, hers, its = hers/the singular, standing or collection+to, at, toward, in that direction= to the

zho-ki-kde a-taⁿ da-we i-ya-we

žókikde áttą dáwe iyáwe

to be with one’s own = he with her his own/and, when/to go+pluralizer = they go/they say

******* the story should end here; it appears the rest is missing *******

124)

They arrived back to the lodge, they say.

ti tʰe-ti

tti tʰétti

house, dwelling, lodge/the singular standing or collection/at, by, in, to = to the

kʰi-we i-ya-we

kʰíwe iyáwe

to arrive back at one’s own+pluralizer = they arrived back home/they say

125)

Well, when they arrived back to the lodge, the Devil wanted to go hunting, they say.

ha-o, kʰi-wi taⁿ

hao, kʰíwi tą

well/to arrive back at one’s own+pluralizer = they arrived back home/and, when, since, as

e-ti ta-bde de koⁿ-da i-ya-we

étti tábde de kǫdá iyáwe

there, then/to hunt/to go/to want/they say

126)

While he hunted, they camped, they say.

ta-bde e-shoⁿ kniⁿ-we i-ya-we

tábde ešǫ́ knį́we iyáwe

to hunt/then, at length, and/sit, be sitting; be in a place, camp, dwell+pluraizer = they camped/they say

127)

When they camped, the Devil would go hunt, they say.

kniⁿ-wi taⁿ

knį́wi tą

sit, be sitting; be in a place, camp, dwell+pluraizer = they camped/and, when, since, as

sh’a taⁿ-ka ta-bde de i-ya-we

šʔattą́ka tábde dé iyáwe

evil spirit, a devil/to hunt/to go/they say

128)

When it became dark, the Devil returned, they say.

pa-ze de naⁿ

ppáze dé ną

evening, dusk, not quite dark, close of the day+go, depart; this; causative = a little after dark, after dark, it became night/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

kdi i-ya-we

kdí iyáwe

to have come back here = he had come back/they say

129)

Then, the woman said, “This time when you went hunting a man came here,” they say.

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ, “ta-bde de te taⁿ

kóišǫ́ttą, “tábde de tté tą

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/to hunt/this = this time/you go/and, when, since, as

ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ tʰi,”

níkkašíka mį tʰí,”

person, people, a man, clan/one, a, an/arrive, to have come here

i-yi i-ya-we wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe

iyí iyáwe waxʔó nįkʰé

to have said+they say = they say that she said/woman/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

130)

“He was trying hard to get me to look at him, I continued to not look at him.

“a-taⁿ-we-ki-de di-knaⁿ haⁿ haⁿ-’e-aⁿ-zhe

“atą́wekkidé díkną hą́ hąʔeąžé,

I look at+to cause one = to make me look at him/to decide, try, make effort = he planned or tried, he thought/*¹/*²

*¹ is this ną, nǫ …. ‘habitual, regularly, usually, often; past sign, when’ or hą́ ‘what, how, in what manner’

*² hǫ́eąží …. translated elsewhere as ‘a great deal, not a little’

a-taⁿ-wa-zhi aⁿ-moⁿ

atą́waži ąmǫ́

I look at+not, negation = I did not look at him/I act or do in a certain way, I act so

131)

When I put this piece of coal down in front of him, he said ‘Ouch! Ouch! Ouch!’ I continued to not look at him at all,”

ta-xde de-koⁿ a-ki-knaⁿ naⁿ,

taxdé dekǫ́ ákikną ną,

coals, charcoal, ember, fire coal/this sort, like this, this kind/I put or set my own = I put mine down, I put it down before him/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

a-dzhi-dzhi-dzhi-dzhi-ho! i-ye koⁿ

ádžidžidžidžihó! iyé kǫ,

ouch! ouch! ouch!/to say/as, since, so, like

e-ni-te a-taⁿ-wa-zhi hi aⁿ-moⁿ.”

énitte atą́waži hí ąmǫ́.”

although, though, notwithstanding/I look at+not, negation = I did not look at him/very, intensifier/I act or do in a certain way, I act so

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