Circa 1890
The Rabbit and the Grizzly bear
An Dhegiha (¢egiha) myth, told in Kwapa by Alphonsus Valliere
recorded by James Owen Dorsey 

 

Story in English
(further explanation)
Story in Quapaw using phonetic spelling
Story in Quapaw using Siouan IPA
Literal translation of Quapaw words

The Grizzly bear arrived home after scouting game for the Rabbit, it is said.

(The Grizzly bear went out very early each morning in search of buffalo. Having found the game, he used to get home by sunrise, when he informed the Rabbit. The Rabbit, who was very swift, could chase the buffalo and kill them; but the Grizzly bear was unable to do this, so he kept the Rabbit as his servant.)

maⁿ-tʰo niⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe wa-ki-toⁿ-we kʰi naⁿ, i-ya.

mątʰó nį maštį́ke nįkʰé wakíttǫwe kʰi ną, iyá.

grizzly bear/the singular, moving, animate/rabbit/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate/scout for someone/arrive back at one’s own/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

Then Rabbit went there and attacked the game, it is said.

e-shoⁿ e-ti de naⁿ wa-koⁿ-da naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

ešǫ́ étti dé-ną wákkǫdá-ną iyá maštį́ke.

then, at length/there/go/past sign, when/attack plural, animate beings/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/rabbit

 

Rabbit killed a very fat buffalo, it is said.

te miⁿ shiⁿ hi t’e-de naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

tté mį́ šį hí tʔéde-ną iyá maštį́ke.

buffalo/one, a/fat, as a person or animal/very/kill/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/rabbit

 

“Go home and tell those there that they will pack the buffalo home!” it is said that the Grizzly bear said.

(The Grizzly bear ordered the Rabbit to return to the lodge and request the household to come and aid in carrying the buffalo meat to their home)

“te k’iⁿ kde ta-i o-da-ke e-ti kda!” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo tʰaⁿ.

“tté kʔį kdé ttai ódaké étti kdá!” iyí iyá mątʰó tʰą.

buffalo/carry, pack on the back/go home, to start homeward/will (plural)/tell about something/there/go home! start homeward!/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear/the standing, animate

 

“You’all go there, to the red-eyed Grizzly bear! You’all will pack the buffalo back here!” Rabbit said to them, it is said.

“maⁿ-tʰo i-shta zhi-te e-ti da-we! te da-k’iⁿ da-kdi ta-i!” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

“mątʰó ištá žitté étti dawé! tté dakʔį dakdí ttai!” iwéke iyá maštį́ke.

grizzly bear/eye/red/there/go! (plural)/buffalo/you carry, pack on the back/you come back here/will (plural)/to say the preceding to them/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/rabbit

 

“Yes! My husband’s brother, in what direction?” it is said the wife of Grizzly bear said.

(When he told her, she and the rest of the household accompanied him to the place of slaughter)

“hoⁿ! wi-shi-k’e, ha-ki-de-de e,” i-yi i-ya maⁿtʰo wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe.

“hǫ! wíšikʔé, hákidedé e,” iyí iyá mątʰó waxʔó nįkʰé.

yes/my husband’s brother (woman speaking)/where, which direction/question sign/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear/woman/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate

 

Then they went (to the place of the slaughter), it is said.

e-shoⁿ de-naⁿ-we, i-ya.

ešǫ́ dé ną wé, iyá.

then, at length/go/past sign, when/plural/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

They packed the entire buffalo back home, it is said.

k’iⁿ kʰi-naⁿ-we i-ya, te kʰe bdo-ka hi.

kʔį kʰi ną wé iyá, tté kʰe bdóka hí.

carry, pack on the back/arrive back at one’s own/past sign, when/plural/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/buffalo/the singular, lying, animate or inanimate/whole, entire/very

 

Now there were four young Grizzly bears (at the home of the Grizzly bear), it is said,

koi-shoⁿ maⁿ-tʰo zhi-ka ni-kʰa to-wa ni-kʰa naⁿ, i-ya,

kóišǫ́ mątʰó žíka nikʰa tówa nikʰa ną, iyá,

then, despite, notwithstanding, now/grizzly bear/small, little, young/3pl continuative aux sitting/four/3pl continuative aux sitting/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

and the youngest one was very kind to Rabbit, it is said.

e-shoⁿ zhi-ka a-shi-oⁿ-he niⁿ-kʰe ma-shtiⁿ-ke da-x’e-de hi naⁿ, i-ya.

ešǫ́ žiká ášiǫhé nįkʰé maštį́ke daxʔéde hí ną, iyá.

then, at length, and/small, little, young/last of a party or series/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate/rabbit/pity, be kind to someone/very/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

He would secretly take a piece of what they ate to him, it is said.

da-tʰa-i tʰe he-be a-ki-niⁿ hi niⁿ naⁿ i-ya maⁿ-da-taⁿ.

datʰaí tʰe hébe ákinį hi nį́ ną iyá mądá-ttą.

they eat/the singular, standing, inanimate, collective, inanimate/piece, part/take something there for someone/the singular, moving, animate/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/stealthily, secretly/when

 

On the next morning the Grizzly bear returned home again, it is said.

shi-naⁿ e-ka-sa-ni-taⁿ maⁿ-tʰo niⁿ-kʰe kʰi naⁿ, i-ya.

šíną ékasánittą mątʰó nįkʰé kʰi ną, iyá.

again/next morning/grizzly bear/3sg continuative aux sitting/arrive back at one’s own/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“Rabbit, your capturing place is full of game!” it is said Grizzly bear said.

“ma-shtiⁿ-ke, o-wa-di-te di-ta o-ki-pi niⁿ-kʰe de,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

“maštį́ke, owáditte dítta okíppi nįkʰé dé,” iyí iyá mątʰó.

rabbit/ambush location/your, yours/be full, as a container/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate/really, indeed/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear

 

“My elder brother, let me put on my moccasins,” it is said Rabbit said.

“wi-zhiⁿ-de, hoⁿ-pe o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ taⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke

“wižį́de, hǫpé oákitʰǫ tą́,” iyí iyá maštį́ke

my brother (man’s elder brother)/shoes, moccasins/I put on my/when, if/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

Then he attacked the game, it is said.

koi-shoⁿ wa-koⁿ-da naⁿ, i-ya.

kóišǫ́ wákkǫdá ną, iyá.

then, despite, notwithstanding/attack plural, animate beings/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

He killed a very fat buffalo again, it is said.

shi-naⁿ te miⁿ shiⁿ hi t’e-de naⁿ, i-ya.

šíną tté mį́ šį hí tʔéde-ną, iyá.

again/buffalo/one, a/fat, as a person or animal/very/kill/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

Grizzly bear arrived there, it is said.

(The Grizzly bear arrived to the place of slaughter and gave orders to the Rabbit as on the preceding day.)

e-ti hi naⁿ i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

étti hí ną iyá mątʰó.

there/arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/grizzly bear

 

Then the Rabbit left, it is said.

(The Rabbit returned home to tell the household to come for the buffalo as he had done the day before.)

e-shoⁿ de niⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ.

ešǫ́ dé nį́ ną iyá maštį́ke níⁿ.

then, at length/go/3sg continuative aux moving/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/rabbit/the singular, moving, animate

 

“You’all go there, to the red-eyed Grizzly bear! You’all will pack the buffalo back here!” Rabbit said to them, it is said.

“maⁿ-tʰo i-shta zhi-te e-ti da-we! te da-k’iⁿ da-kdi ta-i!” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

“mątʰó ištá žitté étti dawé! tté dakʔį dakdí ttai!” iwéke iyá maštį́ke.

grizzly bear/eye/red/there/go! (plural)/buffalo/you carry, pack on the back/you come back here/will (plural)/to say the preceding to them/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/rabbit

 

“Yes! My husband’s brother, in what direction?” it is said the wife of Grizzly bear said.

“hoⁿ! wi-shi-k’e, ha-ki-de-de e,” i-yi i-ya maⁿtʰo wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe.

“hǫ! wíšikʔé, hákidedé e,” iyí iyá mątʰó waxʔó nįkʰé.

yes/my husband’s brother (woman speaking)/where, which direction/question sign/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear/woman/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate

 

They left to pack the buffalo, it is said.

te k’iⁿ ta-we de-naⁿ-we, i-ya.

tté kʔį tta wé dé ną wé, iyá.

buffalo/carry, pack on the back/future tense/plural/go/past sign, when/plural/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

They packed it all back home again, it is said.

shi-naⁿ bdo-ka hi k’iⁿ kʰi-naⁿ-we, i-ya.

šíną bdóka hí kʔį kʰi ną wé, iyá.

again/whole, entire/very/carry, pack on the back/arrive back at one’s own/past sign, when/plural/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

Then the young Grizzly bear took a piece for him (Rabbit), it is said.

e-shoⁿ maⁿ-ʰto zhi-ka niⁿ he-be a-ki-niⁿ hi niⁿ naⁿ, i-ya.

ešǫ́ mątʰó žiká nį́ hébe ákinį hí nį́ ną, iyá.

then, at length/grizzly bear/small, little, young/the singular, moving, animate/piece, part/have or keep for someone/arrive, reach there, have been/3sg continuative aux moving/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

Then Grizzly bear said, it is said:

e-shoⁿ maⁿ-ʰto ke naⁿ, iya:

ešǫ́ mątʰó ké ną, iyá:

then, at length/grizzly bear/to say as follows/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“I think that you took a piece for someone,” it is said he said.

“he-be wa-da-ki-tiⁿ shi a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ,” i-yi i-ya.

“hébe wádakittį́ ší ážąmį́,” iyí iyá.

piece, part/you have or keep for someone/you arrive, reach there, have been/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded

 

On the next morning he (Grizzly bear) returned after scouting for game, it is said.

e-ka-sa-ni-taⁿ wa-toⁿ-we ki naⁿ, i-ya.

ékasánittą watǫ́we kí ną, iyá.

next morning/scout, reconnoiter/be returning to here/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“Rabbit, your capturing place is full of game!” it is said Grizzly bear said.

“ma-shtiⁿ-ke, o-wa-di-te di-ta o-ki-pi niⁿ-kʰe de,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

“maštį́ke, owáditte dítta okíppi nįkʰé dé,” iyí iyá mątʰó.

rabbit/ambush location/your, yours/be full, as a container/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate/really, indeed/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear

 

“My elder brother, let me put on my moccasins,” it is said Rabbit said.

“wi-zhiⁿ-de, hoⁿ-pe o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ taⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke

“wižį́de, hǫpé oákitʰǫ tą́,” iyí iyá maštį́ke

my brother (man’s elder brother)/shoes, moccasins/I put on my/when, if/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

Then he attacked the game, it is said.

koi-shoⁿ wa-koⁿ-da naⁿ, i-ya.

kóišǫ́ wákkǫdá ną, iyá.

then, despite, notwithstanding/attack plural, animate beings/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

He killed a very fat buffalo again, it is said.

shi-naⁿ te miⁿ shiⁿ hi t’e-de naⁿ, i-ya.

šíną tté mį́ šį hí tʔéde-ną, iyá.

again/buffalo/one, a/fat, as a person or animal/very/kill/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

Grizzly bear arrived there (to the place of the slaughter), it is said.

e-ti hi naⁿ i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

étti hí ną iyá mątʰó.

there/arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/grizzly bear

 

“Go home and tell those there they will pack the buffalo home!” it is said that Grizzly bear said.

“te k’iⁿ kde ta-i o-da-ke e-ti kda!” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

“tté kʔį kdé ttai ódaké étti kdá!” iyí iyá mątʰó.

buffalo/carry, pack on the back/go home, to start homeward/will (plural)/tell about something/there/go home! start homeward!/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear

 

 “My elder brother, I will carry my own piece,” it is said Rabbit said.

“wi-zhiⁿ-de, he-be a-ki-k’iⁿ tta miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

“wižį́de, hébe tta mįkʰé,” iyí iyá maštį́ke.

my elder brother, a man’s elder brother/piece, part/I carry, pack my own on my back/future tense/1sg continuative aux sitting/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

“Why! he really wants to carry something!

“ho-ho-xo! wa-k’iⁿ koⁿ-da de!

“hóhoxó! wakʔį́ kǫ́da dé!

interjection of wonder, surprise/carry, pack things on one’s back/to want, desire, wish/really, indeed

 

“Go home and tell those there they will pack the buffalo home!” it is said that Grizzly bear said.

“te k’iⁿ kde ta-i o-da-ke e-ti kda!” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

“tté kʔį kdé ttai ódaké étti kdá!” iyí iyá mątʰó.

buffalo/carry, pack on the back/go home, to start homeward/will (plural)/tell about something/there/go home! start homeward!/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear

 

Then the Grizzly bear lost his patience, it is said,

e-shoⁿ wa-zhiⁿ de-da-zhiⁿ naⁿ i-ya maⁿ-tʰo,

ešǫ́ wažį́ dédaží ną iyá mątʰó,

then, at length/to lose patience/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/grizzly bear

 

because rabbit insisted on carrying his own piece, it is said.

ma-shtiⁿ-ke he-be ki-k’iⁿ tʰe a-ki-hi-te naⁿ i-ya taⁿ-ha.

maštį́ke hébe kikʔį́ tʰe ákkihítte ną iyá tą́ha.

rabbit/piece, part/carry or pack on one’s own back/the singular, standing, inanimate, collective, inanimate/to insist on, pay attention, attend, give heed/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/because, clause finally

 

So he (Rabbit) cut the meat into pieces with a knife, it is said.

e-shoⁿ ta tʰe pa-shoⁿ-shoⁿ naⁿ, i-ya.

ešǫ́ ttá tʰe pášǫšǫ́ ną, iyá.

then, at length/meat/the singular, standing, inanimate, collective, inanimate/cut into small pieces with knife/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

Then Rabbit took part of the blood and put it in his belt, it is said.

e-shoⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke wa-pa-iⁿ he-be di-ze naⁿ i-pi-da-taⁿ-ti naⁿ, i-ya.

ešǫ́ maštį́ke wappaį́ hébe dizé ną íppidáttą-ttí okíkną ną, iyá.

then, at length/rabbit/blood/piece, part/get, take, receive/past sign, when/belt/at, by, in/put into or beneath one’s own/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“What have you taken?” it is said Grizzly bear said.

“ta-taⁿ ti-ze e,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

“táttą ttizé e,” iyí iyá mątʰó.

what, something/you get, take, receive/question sign/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear

 

“My elder brother, I have taken nothing at all,” it is said Rabbit said.

“wi-zhiⁿ-de, ta-taⁿ bdi-za-zhi hi,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

“wižį́de, táttą bdízaži  hí,” iyí iyá maštį́ke.

my elder brother, a man’s elder brother/what, something/I get, take, receive not/very/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

He (Grizzly bear) seized him (Rabbit) by the back and

naⁿ-ka-ti o-naⁿ taⁿ,

ną́kka-ttí oną́ tą,

back of an animal/at, by, in/take hold of, seize, grasp/when

 

Grizzly bear rolled him over and over in the blood, it is said.

wa-pa-iⁿ-ti o-bi-taⁿ-taⁿ-da niⁿ i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

wappaį́-tti obíttąttą́da nį́ iyá mątʰó.

blood/at, by, in/roll something repeatedly in something/3sg continuative aux moving/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/grizzly bear

 

Rabbit cried, it is said.

xa-ke naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

γaké ną iyá maštį́ke.

cry, weep/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/rabbit

 

Then he (Rabbit) went to tell them (Grizzly bear’s household) they will pack the buffalo home, it is said.

koi-shoⁿ te k’iⁿ kde ta-i o-da-ke de naⁿ, i-ya.

kóišǫ́ tté kʔį kdé ttai ódake dé ną, iyá.

then, despite, notwithstanding/buffalo/carry, pack on the back/go home, to start homeward/shall (plural)/tell about something/go/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

Then Rabbit placed the blood which he had taken by the side of the lodge, it is said.

e-shoⁿ de niⁿ-kʰe wa-pa-iⁿ di-ze niⁿ-kʰe ti xi-te a-ba-knaⁿ-ta i-naⁿ-de naⁿ iyá ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

ešǫ́ dé nįkʰe wappaį́ dizé nįkʰé tti xítte ábaknątta iną́de ną iyá maštį́ke.

then, at length/this/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate/blood/get, take, receive/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate/wall, side of a lodge/along, beside, by/put singular, sitting, inanimate/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/rabbit

 

When it was night, it is said,

haⁿ taⁿ, i-ya,

hą́ tą, iyá,

night/when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

then Rabbit said as follows, it is said:

hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ma-shtiⁿ-ke ke naⁿ, iya:

hǫ́tʰąhi maštį́ke ké ną, iyá:

then, at length/rabbit/to say as follows/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“Oh my son I hope that you become like children who begin to talk, saying words here and there, not speaking plainly or connectedly,” it is said Rabbit said.

“e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-e i-ye tʰi-kda-kda-pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkie íye tʰíkdakdá-ppa ekǫ́ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke.

desiderative particle, sentence initial, oh that/my son/child, children/talk to each other/talk, speak/repeat a sudden action/the plural moving animate/like, thus, like that, so/desiderative particle, sentence final, I hope/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

Then when he was finished talking to it,

e-shoⁿ o-ki-e a-da-shtaⁿ taⁿ,

ešǫ́ okkié ádaštą́-tą,

then, at length/speak, talk with one/stop activity with the mouth, talking, drinking, eating, etc./when

 

it is said the blood said, “Yes,” just like a child.

“ee!” i-yi i-ya wa-pa-iⁿ niⁿ-kʰe, shi-zhi-ka e-koⁿ.

“ee!” iyí iyá wappaį́ nįkʰé, šižíka ekǫ́.

yes, used by children/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/blood/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate/child, children/like, thus, like that, so

 

Then it was so (as Rabbit had hoped), it is said.

e-shoⁿ e-koⁿ naⁿ, iya.

ešǫ́ ekǫ́ ną, iyá.

then, at length/like, thus, like that, so/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

Then Rabbit said as follows, it is said:

hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ma-shtiⁿ-ke ke naⁿ, iya:

hǫ́tʰąhi maštį́ke ké ną, iyá:

then, at length/rabbit/to say as follows/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“Oh my son I hope that you become like children who speak to one another very plainly without missing a word, it is said Rabbit said.

“e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-a-wi taⁿ i-ye da-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkiawi-tą íye dašną́šnąži-ppá ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke.

desiderative particle, sentence initial, oh that/my son/child, children/they talk to each other/when/talk, speak/by mouth, not making mistakes/the plural moving animate/like, thus, like that, so/desiderative particle, sentence final, I hope/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

Then it was so (as Rabbit had hoped), it is said.

e-shoⁿ e-koⁿ naⁿ, iya.

ešǫ́ ekǫ́ ną, iyá.

then, at length, and/like, thus, like that, so/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“Who is that to whom you are talking to?” it is said Grizzly bear said.

“ka niⁿ-kʰe be o-da-ki-e e,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

“ká nįkʰé bé odákkie e,” iyí iyá mątʰó.

that/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate/who/you speak, talk with one/question sign/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear

 

“My elder brother, I was not talking to anyone,

“wi-zhiⁿ-de, be o-a-ki-a-zhi,

“wižį́de bé oákkiáži,

my elder brother, a man’s elder brother/who/I speak not, I not talk with one

 

I am just sitting here talking to myself,” it is said rabbit said.

wi-e o-a-ki-e a-kniⁿ miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

wíe oákkie aknį́ mįkʰé,” iyí iyá maštį́ke.

I, me/I speak, I talk with one/I sit/1sg continuative aux sitting/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

Then Rabbit said as follows, it is said:

e-shoⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke ke naⁿ, iya:

ešǫ́ maštį́ke ké ną, iyá:

then, at length/rabbit/to say as follows/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“Oh my son I hope that you become like a boy that knows how to pull a bow well and begins to run now and then for short distances,” it is said Rabbit said.

“e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to maⁿ-di-taⁿ pi-oⁿ taⁿ-niⁿ tʰi-da-da naⁿ e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

“éska, wižį́ke, šétto mądíttą ppiǫ́ ttą́nį tʰidáda ną ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke.

desiderative particle, sentence initial, oh that/my son/boy/shoot, pull the bow/do well, expresses precocity/run, as a person not an animal/start now and then to do something/habitual/like, thus, like that, so/desiderative particle, sentence final, I hope/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

Then suddlenly it became just like that (as Rabbit had hoped), it is said.

e-shoⁿ e-koⁿ xti tʰi-kde naⁿ, iya.

ešǫ́ ekǫ́ xtí tʰikdé ną, iyá.

then, at length/like, thus, like that, so/very, real, fully/become suddenly/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

At that time, he (Rabbit) made him (Rabbit’s son) do it repeatedly, it is said.

shi-naⁿ e-ti-hi kda-he-he e-ki-oⁿ-ki-de tʰaⁿ naⁿ, i-ya.

šíną ettíhi kdahéhe ékiǫ-kkidé tʰą ną, iyá.

again/at that time/often, once in a while/do as someone has said or done/cause one’s own/3sg continuative auxiliary, singular, standing, animate; the standing, animate/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

Then he said as follows, it is said:

e-shoⁿ ke naⁿ, iya:

ešǫ́ ké ną, iyá:

then, at length/to say as follows/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“Oh my son I hope that you become like the grown boys who pull a bow and are very active (able to run swiftly and far),” it is said Rabbit said.

“e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to naⁿhaⁿ maⁿ-di-taⁿ si-si hi naⁿ-we e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

“éska, wižį́ke, šétto nąhą́ mądíttą sisí hi ną-wé ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke.

desiderative particle, sentence initial, oh that/my son/boy/grown up, mature/shoot, pull the bow/active/very/habitual/pluralizer/like, thus, like that, so/desiderative particle, sentence final, I hope/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

Then it was so (as Rabbit had hoped), it is said.

e-shoⁿ e-koⁿ naⁿ, iya.

ešǫ́ ekǫ́ ną, iyá.

then, at length/like, thus, like that, so/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

Then he said as follows, it is said:

e-shoⁿ ke naⁿ, iya:

ešǫ́ ké ną, iyá:

then, at length/to say as follows/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“Oh my son I hope that you become like the young unmarried men (able to take wives) whom I have seen carrying quivers on their backs,” it is said Rabbit said.

“e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-na maⁿ-o-zhi k’iⁿ koⁿ pa naⁿ wi-a-de pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ, i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

“éska, wižį́ke, įtʰǫ́na mą́oží kʔį́ kǫ́ ppá ną wiáde ppá ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke.

desiderative particle, sentence initial, oh that/my son/bachelor, unmarried boy/quiver for arrows/carry or pack on the back/like, thus, like that, so/plural continuative aspect marker/habitual/those I used to see/like, thus, like that, so/desiderative particle, sentence final, I hope/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

Then it was so (as Rabbit had hoped), it is said.

e-shoⁿ e-koⁿ naⁿ, iya.

ešǫ́ ekǫ́ ną, iyá.

then, at length/like, thus, like that, so/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

Then it was day, it is said.

e-shoⁿ haⁿ-ba, i-ya.

ešǫ́ hą́ba, iyá.

then, at length/day, daytime/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“Come, Rabbit, your capturing place is full of game!” it is said Grizzly bear said.

“ki-we, ma-shtiⁿ-ke, o-wa-di-te di-ta o-ki-pi niⁿ-kʰe de,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo

“kiwé, maštį́ke, owáditte dítta okíppi nįkʰé dé,” iyí iyá mątʰó

come, come in (invitation)/rabbit/ambush location/your, yours/be full, as a container/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate/really, indeed/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear

 

“Wait, my elder brother, I am putting on my moccasins,” it is said Rabbit said.

“e-koⁿ-te-he, wi-zhiⁿ-de, hoⁿ-pe o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke

“ékǫttehé, wižį́de, hǫpé oákitʰǫ mįkʰé,” iyí iyá maštį́ke

wait, imperative (in a while, presently)/my brother (man’s elder brother)/shoes, moccasins/I put on my/1sg continuative aux sitting/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

“Hurry! You putter on of moccasins!

“o-ti-ti! hoⁿ-pe o-da-ki-tʰoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe

“óttitti! hǫpé odákitʰǫ nįkʰe!

hurry in doing something, quickly/shoes, moccasins/you put on your/3sg continuative aux sitting

 

Big foot! Stinky!

si taⁿ-ka! zaⁿ-ze hi!

si ttą́ka! zązé hi!

foot/big, large/smell, offensive, strong smell/very

 

Big eyes! Split lip!” it is said Grizzly bear said.

“i-shta taⁿ-ka! i-ha-shka!” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

“ištá ttą́ka! íhašká!” iyí iyá mątʰó.

eye/big, large/be hare lipped/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear

 

“Really! This is indeed something hateful!

“hoo’a! ta-taⁿ hi wa-zhoⁿ-iⁿ ni-wa-de!

“hooʔá! táttą hi wážǫį́ níwade!

really/what, something/very/hateful

 

I think that he has been treating my kinsman so,” it is said the Rabbit’s son said.

ko-i-she aⁿ-ki-oⁿ a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ, e-ta-ni wi-ta,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe.

kóiše ą́kiǫ́ ážąmį́, ettáni wítta,” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰe.

aforementioned words or that manner, so/he does to my own/I think or regard one as being/relation, kinsman/my, mine/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit/his son/3sg continuative aux sitting

 

“Yes, my son,

“hoⁿ, wi-zhiⁿ-ke,

“hǫ́, wižį́ke,

yes/my son

 

he has been treating me in that manner:

ko-i-she aⁿ-niⁿ:

kóiše ą́nį:

aforementioned words or that manner, so/he have, keep me

 

I have suffered exceedingly all the time.”

a-tʰaⁿ-tʰe bdo-ka aⁿ-kda-xti naⁿ niⁿ-tʰe.”

atʰą́tʰe bdóka ą́kdaxti ną́ nįtʰé.”

when/past/whole, entire, round, circular/I suffer/very, real, fully/past sign, when/continuative perfective, heretofore

 

“When he (Grizzly bear) goes, I will lie down looking at you, at the edge of the hill directly above the place where you capture the game.

“de tʰe o-wa-di-te niⁿ-kʰe a-pa-po e-ta-kaⁿ-za a-wi-taⁿ-we a-zhaⁿ tta miⁿ-kʰe.

“dé tʰe owáditte nįkʰé áppapo ettákkąza áwittą́we ažą́ tta mįkʰé.

he go/the singular, standing, inanimate, collective, inanimate/ambush location/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate/down the hill (from the top)/directly above, opposite, right above/I look upon you/I lie, recline/future tense/1sg continuative aux sitting

 

You will speak of carrying your share,”

he-be da-ki-k’iⁿ ta-tʰe i-yi-zhaⁿ te,”

hébe dakíkʔį ttatʰé íyižą́ tte,”

piece, part/you carry or pack your own on your back/shall/you speak of/future, potential or optative marker, shall

 

it is said the Rabbit’s son said.

i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰe.

it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit/his son/3sg continuative aux sitting

 

Then when he (Rabbit) attacked the game, he killed a fat buffalo, it is said.

e-shoⁿ wa-koⁿ-da naⁿ te miⁿ t’e-de naⁿ, i-ya.

ešǫ́ wákkǫdá ną tté mį tʔéde ną, iyá.

then, at length/attack plural, animate beings/past sign, when/buffalo/one, a/to kill/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

the Grizzly bear arrived there (to the place of the slaughter), it is said.

maⁿ-tʰo niⁿ e-ti hi naⁿ i-ya.

mątʰó nį étti hi ną iyá.

grizzly bear/the singular, moving, animate/there/arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“Go home and tell those there they will pack the buffalo home!” it is said that Grizzly bear said.

“te k’iⁿ kde ta-i o-da-ke e-ti kda!” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

“tté kʔį kdé ttai ódaké étti kdá!” iyí iyá mątʰó.

buffalo/carry, pack on the back/go home, to start homeward/will (plural)/tell about something/there/go home! start homeward!/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear

 

“No, my elder brother!

“wi-zhiⁿ-de, hoⁿ-zhi!

“wižį́de, hǫ́ži!

my elder brother, a man’s elder brother/no

 

I want to carry my own piece, my elder brother,” it is said Rabbit said.

he-be a-ki-k’iⁿ koⁿ-bda, wi-zhiⁿ-de” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

hébe akíkʔį kkǫbdá, wižį́de” iyí iyá maštį́ke.

piece, part/I carry, pack my own on my back/I want, desire, wish/my elder brother, a man’s elder brother/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

“Why! He really wants to carry something!

“ho-ho-xo! wa-k’iⁿ koⁿ-da de!

“hóhoxó! wakʔį́ kǫ́da dé!

interjection of wonder, surprise/carry, pack things on one’s back/to want, desire, wish/really, indeed

 

“Go home and tell those there they will pack the buffalo home!” it is said that Grizzly bear said.

“te k’iⁿ kde ta-i o-da-ke e-ti kda!” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

“tté kʔį kdé ttai ódaké étti kdá!” iyí iyá mątʰó.

buffalo/carry, pack on the back/go home, to start homeward/will (plural)/tell about something/there/go home! start homeward!/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear

 

“No, my elder brother, I want to carry my own piece,” it is said Rabbit said.

“hoⁿ-zhi, wi-zhiⁿ-de, he-be a-ki-k’iⁿ koⁿ-bda,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

“hǫ́ži, wižį́de, hébe akíkʔį kkǫbdá,” iyí iyá maštį́ke.

no/my elder brother, a man’s elder brother/piece, part/I carry, pack my own on my back/I want, desire, wish/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

“Really! Rabbit, you have never talked in this manner before now.

“ho-ho-xo! ma-shtiⁿ-ke, i-ye tʰe ko-i-she-sha-zhi naⁿ niⁿ-tʰe.

“hóhoxó! maštį́ke, íye tʰe kóiše-šáži ną́ nįtʰé.

interjection of wonder, surprise/rabbit/word/the singular, standing, inanimate, collective, inanimate/aforementioned words or that manner/you say not/past sign, when/continuative perfective, heretofor

 

You are very lively now,” it is said Grizzly bear said.

iⁿ-chʰoⁿ i-di-ki-si-si,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

į́čʰǫ ídikisísi,” iyí iyá mątʰó.

now/to make yourself active, lively/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear

 

“No indeed, my elder brother!

“hoⁿ-zhi, e-de wi-zhiⁿ-de!

“hǫ́ži, edé wižį́de!

no/really, indeed/my elder brother, a man’s elder brother

 

My elder brother, I too want to carry my own piece because I have been hungry,” it is said Rabbit said.

wi-e-hoⁿ, wi-zhiⁿ-de naⁿ-pe-aⁿ-hi aⁿ-maⁿ taⁿ-ha he-be a-ki-k’iⁿ koⁿ-bda,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

wíehǫ, wižį́de ną́ppeą́hi ąmą́ tą́ha hébe akíkʔį kkǫbdá,” iyí iyá maštį́ke.

I too, me too/my elder brother, a man’s elder brother/I’m hungry/I used to be/because, clause finally/piece, part/I carry, pack my own on my back/I want, desire, wish/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

“Really! I have spoken the truth, Rabbit.

“ho-ho-xo! miⁿ-a-kʰe, ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

“hóhoxó! mį́ákʰe, maštį́ke.

interjection of wonder, surprise/I tell the truth/rabbit

 

I think that you speak so improperly to me on account of you depending on someone to help you,” it is said Grizzly bear said.

i-di-na-zhiⁿ di-taⁿ i-bniⁿ-aⁿ taⁿ i-ye aⁿ-ta-zho-zhi de,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

ídinážį dittą́ íbnį́ą tą́ íye ą́ttažóži dé,” iyí iyá mątʰó.

to stand by you, to depend on/you possess, have/because, as/word/you insult, criticize me/really, indeed/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear

 

And when he (Grizzly bear) had said that to him (Rabbit),

e-shoⁿ e-koⁿ i-ke taⁿ,

ešǫ́ ekǫ́ iké tą,

then, at length/like, thus, like that, so/say (the preceding) to someone/when

 

he (Grizzly bear) pushed him (Rabbit) over suddenly, it is said,

ba-xi de-de naⁿ, i-ya,

baxí dedé ną, iyá,

push, shove suddenly, forcibly/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

and held him down on his back, it is said.

maⁿ-da a-bi-saⁿ-te naⁿ, i-ya.

mą́da ábisątté ną, iyá.

on one’s back/catch by pressing on, hold down, lie on something/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

The Rabbit’s son was coming, it is said.

ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ ki naⁿ, i-yá.

maštį́ke ežį́ke nį kí ną, iyá.

rabbit/his son/3sg continuative aux moving; the singular, moving, animate/be returning to here/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

And as he was coming, he was pulling out his arrows, one after another,

e-shoⁿ maⁿ wa-kdi-sti-sti-te ki naⁿ,

ešǫ́ mą́ wákdistístitte kí ną,

then, at length, and/arrow/pull them (one’s own) out repeatedly/be returning to here/past sign, when

 

and the Rabbit’s son was stringing his bow, it is said.

(When carrying a bow not in use, one end of the string is kept loose. When the bow is strung, it is bent with the foot, and the string put on the other end.)

maⁿ-te kʰe a-ki-na-zhiⁿ a-taⁿ i-ki-kaⁿ-de niⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ.

mą́tte kʰe ákinážį attą íkikką́de nį́ iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nį.

bow/the singular, lying, animate or inanimate/stand on one’s own/and/string one’s bow/3sg continuative aux moving; the singular, moving, animate/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/rabbit/his son/3sg continuative aux moving; the singular, moving, animate

 

“My younger brother!

(The Grizzly bear gets alarmed and addresses the elder Rabbit as his younger brother, hoping to avoid his deserved punishment.)

“wi-saⁿ-ka e!

“wísąká e!

my younger brother

 

You can carry this (piece of meat) for yourself,” it is said Grizzly bear said.

de niⁿ-kʰe di-e da-ki-k’iⁿ te,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

dé nįkʰé díe dakíkʔį tté,” iyí iyá mątʰó.

this/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate/you/you carry or pack on your back/future/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear

 

Grizzly bear suddenly threw the piece of fresh meat (towards Rabbit), it is said.

ta-to-ka niⁿ-kʰe he-be oⁿ-de-de naⁿ i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

ttatókka nįkʰé hébe ǫ́dedé ną iyá mątʰó.

meat/wet/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate/piece, part/throw off suddenly/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/grizzly bear

 

 “I refuse! You carry it yourself!” it is said Rabbit said.

“o-bdi-sh’a-ke! di-e k’iⁿ e-ka!” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

“obdíšʔake! díe kʔį́ eká!” iyí iyá maštį́ke.

I refuse, I’m unwilling, I decline/you/carry or pack on the back/imperative, command/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit

 

Then his son arrived there (to the place of the slaughter), it is said.

e-shoⁿ e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ e-ti kʰi naⁿ, i-ya.

ešǫ́ ežį́ke nį étti kʰi ną, iyá.

then, at length/his son/3sg continuative aux moving; the singular, moving, animate/there/arrive back at one’s own/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“Really! My son, let your father carry this (meat).

(The Grizzly bear gets alarmed and addresses the Rabbit’s son as his son, hoping to avoid his deserved punishment.)

“ho-ho-xo! wi-zhiⁿ-ke, di-a-te de ki-k’iⁿ te.

“hóhoxó! wížįké, diátte dé kikʔį́ tte.

interjection of wonder, surprise/my son/your father/this/to carry or pack on one’s own back/future

 

I have given it all (the meat) to him, as he is my relation, it is said Grizzly said.

a-ki-k’i za-ni,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

akíkʔi zaní,” iyí iyá mątʰó.

I give to my own (kin)/all, all of the/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear

 

“No, carry it yourself!” it is said the Rabbit’s son said,

“hoⁿ-zhi, di-e k’iⁿ e-ka!,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ,

“hǫ́ži, díe kʔį́ eká!,” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke tʰą,

no/you/carry or pack on the back/imperative, command/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit/his son/3sg continuative auxiliary, singular, standing, animate

 

referring to him, the Grizzly bear.

maⁿ-tʰo e wa-kʰe ti.

mątʰó é wakʰé tti.

grizzly bear/he, she, it, that, aforementioned/mean something, refer to something/when

 

Then the Rabbit’s son knocked down the Grizzly bear and shot him, it is said.

e-shoⁿ ka-xa-da i-he-de naⁿ maⁿ-tʰo niⁿ ki-te naⁿ i-ya, ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ.

ešǫ́ kaxáda ihéde ną mątʰó nį kkítte ną iyá, maštį́ke ežį́ke tʰą.

then, at length/fell, cut down, knock down/put a horizontal object/past sign, when/3sg continuative aux moving; the singular, moving, animate/shoot at something/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/rabbit/his son/3sg continuative auxiliary, singular, standing, animate; the standing, animate

 

He wounded Grizzly bear with two arrows, it is said.

maⁿ naⁿ-pa i-yo naⁿ i-ya maⁿ-tʰo.

mą́ nąpá íyo ną iyá mątʰó.

arrow/two/wound someone or something/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/grizzly bear

 

Then he (Rabbit’s son) killed him (Grizzly bear), it is said.

e-shoⁿ t’e-de naⁿ, i-ya.

ešǫ́ tʔéde ną, iyá.

then, at length/kill/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“When you summoned his wife to carry the meat,

“e-ka-xna niⁿ-kʰe wa-k’iⁿ tʰe o-da-ki-ta ti,

“ekáxną nįkʰe wakʔį́ tʰe ódakittá tti,

his wife/3sg continuative aux sitting/carry, pack things on one’s back/the singular, standing, inanimate, collective, inanimate/you tell to someone/when

 

What did you say?”

haⁿ i-she naⁿ e,”

hą́ išé ną e,”

what, how, in what manner/you say/habitual/question sign

 

it is said the Rabbit’s son said, when he questioned his father.

i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ, e-da-te i-ki-aⁿ-xe ti.

iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke tʰą, edátte íkiąγé tti.

it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit/his son/3sg continuative auxiliary, singular, standing, animate/his father/question one’s own relation/when

 

He (Rabbit) told him (his son), it is said.

(Rabbit told his son what he would tell Grizzly bear’s household when

i-ke naⁿ, i-ya.

iké ną, iyá.

say (the preceding) to someone/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

He arrived there (at the lodge of the Grizzly bear), it is said.

e-ti kʰi naⁿ, i-ya.

étti kʰí ną, iyá.

there/arrive back at one’s own/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

He crawled along on his stomach and entered the lodge, it is said.

ki-kdi-sto-we a-taⁿ o-pʰe naⁿ, i-ya.

kkikdístowé attą́ opʰé ną, iyá.

crawl on one’s stomach/and/enter, as a lodge/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

Then the Rabbit’s son killed the little old Grizzly bear woman, it is said.

koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ maⁿ-ʰto wa-x’o-zhi-ka t’e-de naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ.

kóišǫ́ttą mątʰó waxʔóžiká tʔéde ną iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke tʰą.

then, despite, notwithstanding/grizzly bear/old woman, little old lady/kill/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/rabbit/his son/3sg continuative auxiliary, singular, standing, animate

 

“Which of you’all were kind to Rabbit for me?”

“ma-shtiⁿ-ke ho-wa ni-kʰa-she da-x’e-aⁿ-ki-de naⁿ-we e,”

“maštį́ke hówa nikʰáše daxʔéąkkidé nąwé e,”

rabbit/who, which/2pl continuative aux sitting/pity, be kind, care for him for me/past sign, when/pluralizer/question sign

 

the Rabbit’s son said to them, it is said.

i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ.

iwéke iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke tʰą.

he said the preceding to them/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential/rabbit/his son/3sg continuative auxiliary, singular, standing, animate

 

“Me! Me! Me!” they said, it is said,

“wi-e! wi-e! wi-e!” i-ye ną-we, i-ya,

“wíe! wíe! wíe!” iyé-năⁿ-wé, iyá,

me, I/me, I/me, I/say/past sign, when/pluralizer/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

all crying out together making a great noise, it is said.

x’a-naⁿ hi ke, i-ya.

xʔáną hi ké, iyá.

to make noise talking, or any noise/very/the plural, standing, animate or inanimate/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

Then the youngest one (said):

e-shoⁿ zhi-ka a-shi-oⁿ-he niⁿ-kʰe:

ešǫ́ žíka ášiǫhe nįkʰe:

then, at length/small, little, young/last of a party or series/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate

 

“I am the only one who did not join them (in abusing him).”

“wi-e-naⁿ e-ti o-i-ha-zhi.”

“wíeną́ étti oíhaži.”

only I, I alone/follow, go with, attend/not, negation

“wíe-náⁿ ĕ́ti uwíhaji.”

I/only/I did not join them

 

Then he (Rabbit) killed all three of the others, it is said.

e-shoⁿ i-maⁿ ke da-bniⁿ za-ni t’e-wa-de naⁿ, i-ya.

ešǫ́ imą́ ke dábnį zaní tʔéwade ną, iyá.

then, at length/the other/the plural, standing, animate or inanimate/three/all, all of the/to kill them/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

Then, “It shall be your duty to go and fetch water for your father,” it is said the the Rabbit’s son said.

(The Rabbit’s son adopted the kind young Grizzly bear as his younger brother; hence the elder Rabbit became the adoptive father of the young Grizzly bear.)

e-shoⁿ, “di-a-te da-ni-a-ki-da-na-zhiⁿ tʰe e-ti da,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ.

ešǫ́, “diátte dániákidanážį tʰe étti dá,” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke tʰą.

then, at length/your father/you have the duty of fetching water/the singular, standing, inanimate, collective, inanimate/there/go!/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit/his son/3sg continuative auxiliary, singular, standing, animate

 

“Thank you! My elder brother!” it is said the Grizzly bear that remained after the shooting said.

“shoⁿ-xti-e-ta! wi-zhiⁿ-de,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo o-po-shte niⁿ-kʰe.

“šǫxtíettá! wižį́de,” iyí iyá mątʰó opóšte nįkʰé.

thanks, I thank you/my elder brother (a man’s)/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/grizzly bear/remain after a shooting/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate; 3sg continuative aux sitting

 

And then they lived very prosperously together, it is said.

koi-shoⁿ wa-she-xti zho-ki-kde ti-kde ke naⁿ, i-ya.

kóišǫ́ wašé-xti žókikde ttíkde ké ną, iyá.

then, despite, notwithstanding, and then/rich, be rich/very, real, fully/with, be with one’s own/to set up housekeeping, to live together in same tent/the plural, standing animate or inanimate/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“My father, make some arrows for me!”

“iⁿ-ta-te, maⁿ ha-na iⁿ-ke aⁿ-ka-xa!”

“įttatté, mą́ haná įké ą́kaγá!”

my father/arrow/some (however many lying objects)/make for me!

 

it is said, the Rabbit’s son said.

i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰe.

it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit/his son/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate; 3sg continuative aux sitting

 

And then he (Rabbit) made arrows for him (Rabbit’s son), it is said.

e-shoⁿ maⁿ ki-ka-xe naⁿ, i-ya.

ešǫ́ mą́ kíkaγé ną, iyá.

then, at length, and/arrow/make something for someone/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

He (Rabbit) made a lot of arrows for him (Rabbit’s son), it is said.

maⁿ zho-hi hi ka-xe naⁿ, i-ya.

mą́ žóhi hí káγe ną, iyá.

arrow/much, many/very/make, do, cause/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

He used only eagle feathers to glue to the arrows, it is said.

maⁿ xi-da ma-shoⁿ e-naⁿ-xti i-da-ki-da naⁿ, i-ya.

mą́ xidá mášǫ eną́-xti idákidá ną, iyá.

arrow/eagle/feather, wing or quill feather/only that, him, her, it/very, real, fully/glue to one’s own/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

And when he (Rabbit’s son) had sat for some time, he (Rabbit’s son) said the following, it is said:

e-shoⁿ kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe-ti, ke naⁿ, iya:

ešǫ́ ką́ nįkʰé tti, ké ną, iyá:

then, at length, and/so, he sat awhile/when/to say as follows/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

“My father, I want to wear very fine clothing,” it is said the Rabbit’s son said.

“iⁿ-ta-te, i-ni-naⁿ-haⁿ ho-taⁿ hi koⁿ-bda,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe.

“įttatté, inínąhą́ hóttą hí kkǫbdá,” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰe.

my father/wear, put on clothing/good/very/I want, desire, wish/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit/his son/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate; 3sg continuative aux sitting

 

 “Yes,” it is said the Rabbit said.

“ee,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe.

“ée,” iyí iyá maštį́ke nįkʰe.

yes, used by children/it is said he said in myths, quotative embedded/rabbit/the singular, sitting, animate or inanimate; 3sg continuative aux sitting

 

And then he made an owl skin headdress for him, it is said.

e-shoⁿ iⁿ-tʰaⁿ ha pa-hi o-knaⁿ mi ki-ka-xe naⁿ, i-ya.

ešǫ́ įtʰą́ ha ppáhi ókną mí kíkaγé ną, iyá.

then, at length, and/owl/hide, skin/head/put inside/one, a/make something for someone/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

And then he clothed his entire body, sewing birds together, it is said.

e-shoⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka ha o-ki-pa-tʰe zho-i-ka bdo-ka hi we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ i-ya.

ešǫ́ wažį́ka ha okkíppatʰe žoíka bdóka hi wénįtʰą́ ną iyá.

then, at length, and/bird/hide, skin/sewed together/body, self/whole, entire, circular, round/very/put on, wear clothing/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

And he (Rabbit’s son) put on a pair of owl skin moccasins, it is said.

shi-naⁿ iⁿ-tʰaⁿ ha hoⁿ-pe ni-kaⁿ-ni o-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, i-ya.

šíną įtʰą́ ha hǫpé níkkąní otʰą́ ną, iyá.

again/owl/hide, skin/shoes, moccasins/pair, both/put on (shoes, leggings), wear/past sign, when/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

When he (Rabbit’s son) took every step,

si di-ze de-de naⁿ hi tʰe-ti,

sí dizé dedé ną hí tʰétti,

stride, make a step/habitual/very/when

sí-d¢izĕ́ d¢ĕd¢ĕ́ naⁿ hí tĕ́ti,

raising his feet/sent it off/often/very/when

 

“Hoo! Hoo! Hoo!” it is said they (the owls) said.

“hoo! hoo! hoo!” i-ye ną-we i-ya.

“hoo! hoo! hoo!” iyé-năⁿ-wé iyá.

hoo/hoo/hoo/say/past sign, when/pluralizer/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

He made the owls hoot as he walked, it is said.

iⁿ-tʰaⁿ wa-naⁿ-ho-taⁿ ną-we, i-ya.

įtʰą́ waną́hottą́ năⁿ-wé, iyá.

owl/them/action of the foot/cry out, roar/past sign, when/pluralizer/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

And, in fact, all of the birds made a great noise by crying out, it is said.

shoⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka za-ni ho-taⁿ x’a-naⁿ-we, i-ya.

šǫ wažį́ka zaní hóttą xʔáną-we, iyá.

and, still, yet/bird/all, all of the/cry out, roar/to make noise talking, or any noise, etc./pluralizer/it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

 

The end.

shoⁿ.

šǫ.

the end, enough

 

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