Circa 1890

Ma-shtiⁿ-ke and Ho-mi-ta-ta: a Kwapa translation from the Omahaversion of The Young Rabbit and I-shti-nike.

Dictated by Alphonsus Valliere.

This story follows directly after ‘The Rabbit and the Grizzly bear’ in which the Rabbit gives his son fine arrows and fine clothing made of birds.

Once upon a time, Rabbit unexpectedly happened upon Monkey, it is said (they say).

haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ma-shtiⁿ-ke ho-mi-ta-ta na-xi-da-hi a-ki-pa naⁿ i-a.

hą́tʰąhi maštį́ke hómittátta náxidáhi ákkippa ną iá.

then, at length; it happened that; once upon a time/rabbit/monkey/suddenly/to meet, encounter a person or animal/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

* hómittátta, ‘hi, vine, stalk, tree, bush; trunk, leg+o, locative, place at which, at a place, culmination of a certain action or state, wherein a certain thing takes place, in, inside, into+reduplicated form of mįtté, ‘to crawl, creep’ = crawling around in the trees, could also imply crawling around on the legs

* náxidáhi > naxetta hi

* ia > iyá

2)

The Monkey said, “Ho-hoo! Ha-o, grandchild! Ha-o! Grandchild!” it is said (they say).

ho-hoo! ha-o, to-shpa!

hohoó! hao, ttóšpa!

interjection of wonder, surprise; interjection used to greet those returning to the village/*/a grandchild, someone’s grandchild

* hao, ‘well, ho, thank you, how are you, agreed, yes, sign of approval as the English “Hear! Hear!”, interjection of approval; marks a change of idea as the beginning of a new paragraph in writing; used in calling to a distant person; oral period, masculine imperative

* ittóšpa, ettóšpa > ttóšpa

ha-o! to-shpa!”

hao! ttóšpa!”

*/a grandchild, someone’s grandchild

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)

3)

The Rabbit said, “Ho, old man! Is there something you want to say?” it is said (they say).

“ho, sh’a-ke!

“hó, šʔáke!

interjection used in greeting, hello, halloo/old, elderly, aged, venerable; wife’s father, father-in-law

ta-taⁿ hoⁿ i-she shkoⁿ-ta e?”

táttą hǫ́ išé škǫttá e?”

what, something/what, whatever, how, however, why, whyever, in what manner/you say/you want, desire, wish/question sign

i-yi i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

iyí iá maštį́ke.

to have said/it is said (they say)/rabbit

4)

The Monkey said, “Ho, grandchild! Kill this bird for me!” it is said (they say).

“ho, to-shpa!

“hó, ttóšpa!

interjection used in greeting, hello, halloo/a grandchild, someone’s grandchild

wa-zhiⁿ-ka de-niⁿ-kʰe t’e-aⁿ-ki-da!”

waží̜ka dénįkʰe tʔéąkidá!”

bird/this+the singular, sitting; 3^rd person singular continuative sitting = this sitting object/to kill for me+imperative command = kill for me!

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)

5)

And then, the Rabbit shot at it, he shot it with such force his arrow passed through coming out the other side, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ ki-te-ti i-ka-sti-te-knaⁿ naⁿ i-a.

ešǫ́ kkítte-ttí ikastíttekną ną iá.

then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/to shoot at something/at, by, in, to/*/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

* ikastíttekną, ‘by means of, with which to+by striking, by sudden application of force+to come out, force out, draw out, squirt out+to set, place, put = placed with such force that it passed through

6)

It came falling and became lodged in a tree, it is said (they say).

o-xpa-de hi shoⁿ-niⁿ o-te naⁿ i-a.

oxpáde hi šǫ́-nį oté ną iá.

to fall from a height/to come, to be coming here, not own/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/the singular moving; 3^rd person singular moving/*/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

* presumably Valliere uses oté for the Omaha term otá, ‘lodged (in a tree), on the branches of a tree’

7)

“My grandchild, take pity on me, your relation! Ha-o grandchild! Ha-o grandchild! Take pity on me, your relation, once again!” said he.

“wi-ti-shpa, da-x’e-aⁿ-ki-da!

“wittóšpa, daxʔéąkidá!

my grandchild/to pity (one’s own relation) me+imperative command = pity me!

ha-o, to-shpa! ha-o to-shpa!

hao, ttóšpa! hao, ttóšpa!

*/a grandchild, someone’s grandchild/*/a grandchild, someone’s grandchild

* hao, ‘well, ho, thank you, how are you, agreed, yes, sign of approval as the English “Hear! Hear!”, interjection of approval; marks a change of idea as the beginning of a new paragraph in writing; used in calling to a distant person; oral period, masculine imperative

pi-xti da-x’e-aⁿ-ki-da!”

ppíxti daxʔéąkidá!”

well, safely; anew; good+very, real, fully = anew, again/to pity (one’s own relation) me+imperative command = pity me!

iyí iá.

i-yi i-a.

to have said/it is said (they say)

8)

The Rabbit said, “No, old man, I will leave it behind. You go get it!” it is said (they say).

hoⁿ-zhi, sh’a-ke, aⁿ-bde ta miⁿ-kʰe.

hǫ́ži, šʔáke, ąbdé ttá mįkʰé.

no/old, elderly, aged, venerable; wife’s father, father-in-law/I throw away, abandon, leave/future, will, shall/1^st person singular sitting

di-e di-ze da!”

díe dizé dá!”

you+to get, take, receive, accept, select, choose, seize+to go+imperative command = you go get it!

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)

9)

The Monkey said, “No, grandchild! It’s a fine arrow, if you do not get it, then who would have it?” it is said (they say).

“hoⁿ-zhi, to-shpa!

“hǫ́ži, ttóšpa!

no/a grandchild, someone’s grandchild

maⁿ kʰe ho-taⁿ hi

mą kʰe hóttą hi

arrow/the singular lying object/good/very, intensifier

di-e ti-za-zhi taⁿ

díe ttízaži-tą́

you/you get, take, receive, accept, select, choose, seize+not, negation = you not get/and, when, since, as; because; if

* ttízaži > ttížaži

ho-wa a-niⁿ ni-hoⁿ,”

hówa anį́ nihǫ́,”

who, which/to have, keep/would, could, sign of doubt; can it be/to have said

* anį́ > anyį́

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta.

iyí iá hómittátta.

it is said (they say)/monkey

10)

The Rabbit said, “Hoo’a! The old man wants it, he really just wants to have his way!” it is said (they say).

“hoo’a, sh’a-ke e-hoⁿ koⁿ-da tʰe

“hooʔá, šʔáke ehǫ́ kǫ́da tʰe

really!/old, elderly, aged, venerable; wife’s father, father-in-law/it, he, she too/to want, desire, wish/the past act, completed action; the singular, standing or collection

e-naⁿ o-ki-pʰe koⁿ-da hi naⁿ,”

éną okipʰe kǫ́da hi ną,”

only that, him, her, it; just that, nothing but that, that alone/to get what one desires, to get one’s own way/to want, desire, wish/very, intensifier/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

i-yi i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

iyí iá maštį́ke.

to have said/it is said (they say)/rabbit

11)

And then, the Rabbit pulled off all of his clothing and started climbing the tree, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ bdo-ka hi

ešǫ́ wénįtʰą bdóka hi

then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/to put on, to wear as clothing/whole, entire, all, circular, round/very, intensifier

di-shto-te naⁿ i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

dištótte ną iá maštį́ke.

to pull off, remove/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)/rabbit

12)

zhaⁿ-ti a-te de (naⁿ) i-a.

žą́-ttí átte de (ną) iá.

tree, wood/at, by, in, to/to climb/to go/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

13)

The Monkey said, “Stick there where you are!” it is said (they say).

“she-do e-shoⁿ a-da-ska ni-he!”

“šédo ešǫ́ ádaska nihé!”

yonder, there; there in the distance; in that place which you see; there near you; there were you are/then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/to stick, adhere, as pitch, mud or snow/imperative!, strong command or prohibition

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta tʰą.

iyí iá hómittátta tʰą.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

14)

The Rabbit said, “Old man, what did you say?” it is said (they say).

“sh’a-ke, hoⁿ i-she e?”

“šʔáke, hǫ́ išé e?”

old, elderly, aged, venerable; wife’s father, father-in-law/what, whatever, how, however, why, whyever, in what manner/you say/question sign

i-yi i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

iyí iá maštį́ke.

to have said/it is said (they say)/rabbit

15)

The Monkey said, “What is it, grandchild? I did not say anything at all. I was saying, he went very far away for me and has been gone a very long time,” it is said (they say).

“hoⁿ-e, to-shpa?

“hǫ́e, ttóšpa?

what, whatever, how, however, why, whyever, in what manner+question sign = what’s the matter/a grandchild, someone’s grandchild

hoⁿ i-ha-zhi hi.

hǫ́-iháži hi.

what, whatever, how, however, why, whyever, in what manner/I say/not, negation/very, intensifier

ti-aⁿ-hi ko-zhi hi

ttią́hi kkóži hi

long time+very, intensifier = a very long time/far, far away, far off+very, intensifier = very far away

aⁿ-hi tʰe,

ą́hi tʰe,

to arrive, reach there, have been for me/the past act, completed action; the singular, standing or collection

i-he miⁿ-kʰe,”

ihé mįkʰé,”

I say/1^st person singular sitting

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta.

iyí iá hómittátta.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey

16)

Then, while he continued going up the tree, it happened again, just like before, it is said (they say).

e-ti ma-shtiⁿ-ke de shoⁿ-niⁿ

étti maštį́ke de šǫ́-nį

there, then, said of time as well as place/rabbit/to go/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/the singular moving; 3^rd person singular moving

shi-naⁿ e-koⁿ i-a.

ší-ną ékǫ iá.

again, and, also/that sort, like, thus, like that, like so/it is said (they say)

17)

The Monkey said, “Stick there where you are!” it is said (they say).

“she-do e-shoⁿ a-da-ska ni-he!”

“šédo ešǫ́ ádaska nihé!”

yonder, there; there in the distance; in that place which you see; there near you; there were you are/then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/to stick, adhere, as pitch, mud or snow/imperative!, strong command or prohibition

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta tʰą.

iyí iá hómittátta tʰą.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

18)

The Rabbit said, “Old man, what did you say?” it is said (they say).

“sh’a-ke, hoⁿ i-she e?”

“šʔáke, hǫ́ išé e?”

old, elderly, aged, venerable; wife’s father, father-in-law/what, whatever, how, however, why, whyever, in what manner/you say/question sign

i-yi i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

iyí iá maštį́ke.

to have said/it is said (they say)/rabbit

19)

The Monkey said, “What is it, grandchild? I did not say anything at all. I was saying, he went very far away for me and has been gone a very long time,” it is said (they say).

“hoⁿ-e, to-shpa?

“hǫ́e, ttóšpa?

what, whatever, how, however, why, whyever, in what manner+question sign = what’s the matter/a grandchild, someone’s grandchild

hoⁿ i-ha-zhi hi.

hǫ́-iháži hi.

what, whatever, how, however, why, whyever, in what manner/I say/not, negation/very, intensifier

ti-aⁿ-hi ko-zhi hi

ttią́hi kkóži hi

long time+very, intensifier = a very long time/far, far away, far off+very, intensifier = very far away

aⁿ-hi tʰe,

ą́hi tʰe,

to arrive, reach there, have been for me/the past act, completed action; the singular, standing or collection

i-he miⁿ-kʰe,”

ihé mįkʰé,”

I say/1^st person singular sitting

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta.

iyí iá hómittátta.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey

20)

Then, while he continued going up the tree, it happened again, just like before, it is said (they say).

e-ti ma-shtiⁿ-ke de shoⁿ-niⁿ

étti maštį́ke de šǫ́-nį

there, then, said of time as well as place/rabbit/to go/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/the singular moving; 3^rd person singular moving

shi-naⁿ e-koⁿ i-a.

ší-ną ékǫ iá.

again, and, also/that sort, like, thus, like that, like so/it is said (they say)

21)

The Monkey said, “Stick there where you are!” it is said (they say).

“she-do e-shoⁿ a-da-ska ni-he!”

“šédo ešǫ́ ádaska nihé!”

yonder, there; there in the distance; in that place which you see; there near you; there were you are/then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/to stick, adhere, as pitch, mud or snow/imperative!, strong command or prohibition

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta tʰą.

iyí iá hómittátta tʰą.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

22)

The Rabbit said, “Old man, what did you say?” it is said (they say).

“sh’a-ke, hoⁿ i-she e?”

“šʔáke, hǫ́ išé e?”

old, elderly, aged, venerable; wife’s father, father-in-law/what, whatever, how, however, why, whyever, in what manner/you say/question sign

i-yi i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

iyí iá maštį́ke.

to have said/it is said (they say)/rabbit

23)

The Monkey said, “What is it, grandchild? I did not say anything at all. First born son! I was saying, he has nearly reached it for me,” it is said (they say).  The Monkey addresses the Rabbit as first born son, hoping to avoid suspicion.

“hoⁿ-e, to-shpa?

“hǫ́e, ttóšpa?

what, whatever, how, however, why, whyever, in what manner+question sign = what’s the matter/a grandchild, someone’s grandchild

hoⁿ i-ha-zhi hi.

hǫ́-iháži hi.

what, whatever, how, however, why, whyever, in what manner/I say/not, negation/very, intensifier

koⁿ-ha aⁿ-hi tʰe,

kkǫ́ha ą́hi tʰe,

near, by/to arrive, reach there, have been for me/the past act, completed action; the singular, standing or collection

i-he miⁿ-kʰe, iⁿ-knaⁿ-e,”

ihé mįkʰé, įkną́e,”

I say/1^st person singular sitting/first born son/declarative

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta tʰaⁿ.

iyí iá hómittátta tʰą.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

24)

Then, while he continued going up the tree, it happened again, just like before, it is said (they say).

e-ti ma-shtiⁿ-ke de shoⁿ-niⁿ

étti maštį́ke de šǫ́-nį

there, then, said of time as well as place/rabbit/to go/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/the singular moving; 3^rd person singular moving

shi-naⁿ e-koⁿ i-a.

ší-ną ékǫ iá.

again, and, also/that sort, like, thus, like that, like so/it is said (they say)

25)

The Monkey said, “Stick there where you are!” it is said (they say).

“she-do e-shoⁿ a-da-ska ni-he!”

“šédo ešǫ́ ádaska nihé!”

yonder, there; there in the distance; in that place which you see; there near you; there were you are/then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/to stick, adhere, as pitch, mud or snow/imperative!, strong command or prohibition

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta tʰą.

iyí iá hómittátta tʰą.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

26)

The Rabbit said, “Old man, what did you say?” it is said (they say).

“sh’a-ke, hoⁿ i-she e?”

“šʔáke, hǫ́ išé e?”

old, elderly, aged, venerable; wife’s father, father-in-law/what, whatever, how, however, why, whyever, in what manner/you say/question sign

i-yi i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

iyí iá maštį́ke.

to have said/it is said (they say)/rabbit

27)

The Monkey said, “I said, stick there where you are!” it is said (they say).

“she-do e-shoⁿ a-da-ska ni-he, i-he!”

“šédo ešǫ́ ádaska nihé, ihé!”

yonder, there/then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/to stick, adhere, as pitch, mud or snow/imperative!, strong command or prohibition/I say

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta tʰą.

iyí iá hómittátta tʰą.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

28)

So then, the Rabbit stuck to the tree, it is said (they say).

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ

kóišǫ́ttą maštį́ke tʰą

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/rabbit/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

zhaⁿ ti a-da-ska naⁿ i-a.

žą́-ttí ádaska ną iá.

tree, wood/at, by, in, to/to stick, adhere, as pitch, mud or snow/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

29)

Then, as the Rabbit was stuck to the tree, the Monkey put on the Rabbit’s clothing and went to a village, pretending to be Rabbit, he married one of the Chief’s daughters, it is said (they say).

e-ti ho-mi-ta-ta tʰaⁿ we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe i-niⁿ naⁿ

étti hómittátta tʰą wénįtʰą nįkʰé inį́-ną

there, then/monkey/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/to put on, to wear as clothing/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to put on clothing/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

taⁿ-waⁿ miⁿ ti hi naⁿ

ttą́wą mį-ttí hi-ną

town, village/a, an, one; single/at, by, in, to/to arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

* mį > mí

ka-hi-ke e-zhaⁿ-ke miⁿ knoⁿ-ke naⁿ i-a.

kahíke ežą́ke mį knǫké ną iá.

chief/a daughter, someone’s daughter/to marry a woman/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

* ežą́ke = ižą́ke

30)

The Chief’s younger daughter, angry that her older sister had married, left the village, it is said (they say).

ka-hi-ke e-zhaⁿ-ke zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe

kahíke ežą́ke žíka nįkʰé

chief/a daughter, someone’s daughter/small, little; young/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

i-ki-shi-ke naⁿ hi-de naⁿ i-a.

íkišíke ną hidé ną iá.

to be angry/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/to have gone/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

31)

She arrived there, to the tree, it is said (they say).

zhaⁿ tʰe e-ti hi naⁿ i-a.

žą́ tʰe étti hi ną iá.

tree, wood/the singular standing or collection/there, then/to arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

32)

And then, as she was looking up, it just so happened that there was a person standing there, she saw him sticking to the tree, it is said (they say).

haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi maⁿ-shi o-te naⁿ

hą́tʰąhi mąší otté ną

then, at length; it happened that; once upon a time/high, upper, upward, above/to look, hunt, search for/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka-shi-ka koⁿ-tʰą naⁿ i-a.

hą́tʰąhi níkkašíka kǫ́-tʰą ną iá.

then, at length; it happened that; once upon a time/person, a man, human being, people/as, since, so, like/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

33)

zhaⁿ-ti naⁿ a-da-ska tʰaⁿ i-de naⁿ i-a.

žą́-ttí ádaska tʰą íde ną iá.

tree, wood/at, by, in, to/to stick, adhere, as pitch, mud or snow/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/to see, find, discover/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

34)

So she went there, to the tree and she chopped it down, then she made a fire all along the fallen tree, it is said (they say).

e-ti zhaⁿ tʰe koⁿ de naⁿ i-a.

étti žą́ tʰe kǫ́ de ną iá.

there, then/tree, wood/the singular standing or collection/as, since, so, like+to go+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = so she went/it is said (they say)

35)

ka-xa-da-ti zhaⁿ kʰe

kaxáda-ttí žą́ kʰe

to fell, cut down, knock down, to make fall over by striking/at, by, in, to/tree, wood/the singular lying object

a-do-taⁿ hi pe-te te-de naⁿ i-a.

adottą́ hi ppétte téde ną iá.

towards, in the direction of; in a straight line/very, intensifier/fire/to light a fire, kindle/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

36)

And then, after some time, he was able to become unstuck due to the heat of the fire, it is said (they say).

haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ta-xdo-te naⁿ i-a.

hą́tʰąhi táxdótte ną iá.

then, at length; it happened that; once upon a time/by extreme temperature+to peel off, come off as a scab = to peel off due to extreme temperature/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

37)

And then, he sat with her by the fire, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ pe-te tʰe-ti

ešǫ́ ppétte tʰétti

then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/fire/the singular standing or collection+at, by, in, to = to the, by the

zho-kde kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ i-a.

žokdé knį nįkʰé ną iá.

with, to be with someone, to accompany or go with someone/to sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

38)

The Rabbit said, “A person who made me suffer very much, the one who caused me to be stuck in the tree, he was going there, to you, to your village” it is said (they say).

ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ

níkkašíka mį

person, a man, human being, people/a, an, one; single

aⁿ-kda aⁿ-ka-xe a-ta-ha tʰaⁿ

ą́kda ą́kaγe áttaha tʰą

I suffer/to make, do, cause me/too, exceedingly, much/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

she-do de niⁿ,”

šédo de nį́,”

yonder, there; there in the distance; in that place which you see; there near you; there were you are/to go/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving

i-yi i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

iyí iá maštį́ke.

to have said/it is said (they say)/rabbit

39)

The woman said, “Yes, when he arrived there, my older sister took him for her husband,” it is said (they say).

“ee! e-ti hi naⁿ

“ée! étti hi ną

yes/there, then/to arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

wi-zhoⁿ-de a-di-xe,”

wižǫ́de ádiγe,”

my elder sister (woman speaking)/to marry a man, to take a man for a husband

i-yi i-a wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iá waxʔó nįkʰé.

to have said/it is said (they say)/woman/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

40)

And then, she departed with Rabbit, on their way back to her village, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ zho-kde de naⁿ i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

ešǫ́ žokdé de ną iá maštį́ke.

then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/with, to be with someone, to accompany or go with someone/to go/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)/rabbit

41)

When she and Rabbit’s son arrived back to the village, they ridiculed her, they were saying, “This one who was upset about the marriage, she went away and has come back with Rabbit’s son,” it is said (they say).

“de niⁿ wa-di-xe o-sh’iⁿ-ke

“de-nį́ wádiγe óšʔįke

this (one)/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/to take a husband, to marry/*

* óšʔįke, ‘to be angry at not getting what another has received; to be dissatisfied with one’s share or treatment; to pout, to be in bad humor about; to be out of humor with them about something’

de niⁿ naⁿ

de-nį́-ną

to go/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke zho-kde kdi,”

maštį́ke ežį́ke žokdé kdi,”

rabbit/a son, someone’s son/with, to be with someone, to accompany or go with someone/to have come back here

* ežį́ke = ižį́ke

i-a-i ke naⁿ i-a,

iái ke ną iá,

to say+pluralizer = they say/the plural standing or scattered/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

i-xoⁿ-wi-ti.

ixǫ́wi-ttí.

to ridicule+pluralizer = they ridicule/at, by, in, to

* ixǫ́, ‘to ridicule’ ¿íxa ‘to laugh’ + ʔǫ ‘to do, to be’?

42)

And then, the Monkey arrived there, still disguised as Rabbit, wearing the Rabbit’s fine clothing, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ e-ti hi naⁿ i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

ešǫ́ étti hi ną iá maštį́ke.

then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/there, then/to arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)/rabbit

43)

The villagers, still thinking Monkey was Rabbit’s son, said, “There in the distance, an eagle is coming there to you! Let Rabbit’s son shoot it!” it is said (they say).

“she-do xi-da miⁿ she-do hi niⁿ.

“šédo xidá mį šédo hi nį́.

*/eagle/a, an, one; single/*/to come, be coming here/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving

* šédo ‘yonder, there, there in the distance; there near you, there were you are, in that place which you see’

ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke ki-te te-a!”

maštį́ke ežį́ke kkítte tteá!”

rabbit/a son, someone’s son/to shoot at something/shall, will; allow, let, let’s

i-a-i ke naⁿ i-a.

iái ke ną iá.

to say+pluralizer = they say/the plural standing or scattered/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

44)

Rabbit’s son had arrived, as he came closer, the birds on his clothing knew he was coming, they recognized him and they cried out, it is said (they say).

ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke koⁿ-ha-hi hi-ti

maštį́ke ežį́ke kkǫ́ha hi hi-ttí

rabbit/a son, someone’s son/near, by/very, intensifier/to arrive, reach there, have been for me/at, by, in, to

we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe wa-zhiⁿ-ka ke

wénįtʰą nįkʰé waží̜ka ke

to put on, to wear as clothing/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/bird/the plural standing or scattered

hi niⁿ

hi nį́

to come, to be coming here/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving

i-ki-ba-haⁿ-naⁿ-we naⁿ i-a.

íkibahą-ną-we ną iá.

to know or recognize one’s own+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often+pluralizer = they knew, they recognized him, they’re own/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

ho-taⁿ-i ke naⁿ i-a.

hóttąi-ke-ną iá.

to cry out, roar+pluralizer = they cry out/the plural standing or scattered/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

45)

The Monkey, who was wearing Rabbit’s son’s clothing, said to the villagers, “They always do this!” The Monkey then said to Rabbit’s son’s clothing, “You all sit still and be quiet!” it is said (they say).

ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe i-ke naⁿ ia:

hómittátta nįkʰé iké ną iá:

monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to say that to someone/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

“ko-i-she ’oⁿ-naⁿ-we!

“kóišé ʔǫ-ną-we!

so, that, that part, that sort; aforementioned words or manner/to do, to be+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often+pluralizer = they do

kaⁿ-ži hi kniⁿ-we ni-he!”

kką́ži hi knįwi nihé!”

still, motionless/very, intensifier/to sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp+pluralizer = you all sit/imperative!, strong command or prohibition

i-we-ke-naⁿ i-a.

iwéke ną iá.

to say that to them/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

46)

The villagers said, “There in the distance, an eagle is coming there to you! Tell Rabbit’s son to come out here!” it is said (they say).

“she-do xi-da miⁿ she-do hi niⁿ.

“šédo xidá mį šédo hi nį́!

*/eagle/a, an, one; single/*/to come, be coming here/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving

* šédo ‘yonder, there, there in the distance; there near you, there were you are, in that place which you see’

47)

ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke a-shi-ti tʰi a-ka-zhi ni-he!”

maštį́ke ežį́ke ášitti tʰi ákaži nihé!”

rabbit/a son, someone’s son/outside, outdoors; outside of the lodge/to arrive, to have come here/to command; to tell someone to do something

i-e naⁿ-we i-a.

ié-ną-we iá.

to say+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often+pluralizer = they said/it is said (they say)

* iénąwe iá > iyá iyá

48)

The Monkey came into sight, it is said (they say).

ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ a-shi-ti hi naⁿ i-a.

hómittátta nį́ ášitti hi ną iá.

monkey/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/outside, outdoors; outside of the lodge/to arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

49)

The bird passed directly above him, it is said (they say).

e-ta-kaⁿ-za i-aⁿ-he naⁿ i-a wa-zhiⁿ-ka niⁿ

ettákkąza ią́he ną iá waží̜ka nį́

directly above, opposite/to go along; to go or pass by/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)/bird/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving

50)

The Monkey shot at the bird and missed it, it is said (they say).

ki-te-ti po-shnoⁿ-da naⁿ i-a ho-mi-ta-ta tʰaⁿ.

kkítte-ttí póšnǫda ną iá hómittátta tʰą.

to shoot at something/at, by, in, to/to miss a target shooting/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)/monkey/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

* póšnǫda > pošnǫ́

51)

The other one, Rabbit’s son, came into sight, it is said (they say).

i-maⁿ niⁿ a-shi-ti hi naⁿ i-a.

imą́ nį́ ášitti hi ną iá.

the other/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/outside, outdoors; outside of the lodge/to arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

52)

After he had been in sight a very long time, the eagle soared around at the very center of the tribal circle, it is said (they say).

a-shi-ti hi hi ti-aⁿ-hi

ášitti-hi hi ttią́hi

outside, outdoors; outside of the lodge/very, intensifier/to arrive, reach there, have been/long time+very, intensifier = a very long time

ti-kde ke o-skaⁿ-ska o-ko-iⁿ-xe-we naⁿ

ttikdé ke oskąská okkóįγewe ną

village, collection of lodges/the plural standing or scattered/half, middle, center+very, real, fully = directly in the center of/to soar, soaring in circles, to soar around/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

* oskąská = oskąską́

* kkówįγe, ‘to circle, spin, revolve, turn around, around and around’

i-a xi-da kʰe.

iá xidá kʰe.

it is said (they say)/eagle/the singular lying object

53)

When Rabbit’s son shot at it, he killed it, it is said (they said)

ki-te de-de naⁿ

kkítte déde ną

to shoot at something/to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

t’e-de naⁿ i-a.

tʔéde ną iá.

to kill/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

54)

The villagers said, “Ho-hoo! He sure enough killed it! Ho-hoo-xo! I think this one is the Rabbit’s son,” it is said (they say). The villagers were surprised, they did not know that it was the Rabbit’s son who had been among them, they did not recognize him at first.

“ho-hoo! t’e-de e-de!

“hohoó! tʔéde edé!

*/to kill/really, indeed

* hohoó, hohoóxo, ‘interjection of wonder, surprise; interjection used to greet those returning to the village’

ho-hoo-xo! de ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke e koⁿ a-zhaⁿ,”

hohoóxo! de maštį́ke ežį́ke e kǫ́ ážą,”

*/this (one)/rabbit/a son, someone’s son/aforementioned, that, he, she, it/as, since, so, like/*

* ážą, ‘to think, to regard one as being’ occasionally used as ‘I think’ as opposed to ‘ážąmį́’

i-e naⁿ-we i-a.

ié-ną-we iá.

to say+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often+pluralizer = they said/it is said (they say)

* ié > iyé

55)

When they reached the place where it was killed, where the deed took place, they only found a single downy feather, it is said (they say).

t’e-de tʰe-ti o-shkaⁿ tʰe-ti hi naⁿ

tʔéde tʰétti óšką tʰétti hi ną

to kill/*/act, deed; custom, habit, ways/*/to arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

* tʰétti, ‘at, by, in, to, near the singular standing object or collection of small objects; at the time, when’

hiⁿ miⁿ-xti naⁿ

hį mį́xti ną

down of bird, plume, small feather; fur, hair of the body/just one, exactly one/only, just, soley, nothing else, nothing but, alone

* mį́xti > míxti

i-da-we i-a.

idawe iá.

to see, find, discover+pluralizer = they saw, they found/it is said (they say)

56)

The Rabbit took it, he grabbed the feather, it is said (they say).

ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ di-ze naⁿ i-a.

maštį́ke tʰą dizé ną iá.

rabbit/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/to get, take, receive, accept, select, choose, seize/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

57)

The Rabbit said, “Put this safely away!” referring to her, the woman, it is said (they say).

“de-kʰe pi i-he-da!”

“dékʰe ppi ihedá!”

this+the singular lying object = this lying object/well, safely; anew; good+to put a horizontal object+imperative command = put away safely!

i-yi i-a,

iyí iá,

to have said/it is said (they say)

wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe e wa-kʰe-ti.

waxʔó nįkʰé e wakʰé-ttí.

woman+3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting+that, he, she, it, the aforementioned+to mean something, to refer to something+at, by, in, to = referring to her, the woman

58)

Every single person tried to take the eagle, they all tried to get the eagle, but Rabbit’s son had turned it into a single downy feather, it is said (they say).

xi-da niⁿ-kʰe

xidá nįkʰé

eagle/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

ni-ka-shi-ka za-ni-xti

níkkašíka zaníxti

person, a man, human being, people/all, all of the+very, real, fully = every single one

di-ze di-knaⁿ-we i-a.

dizé dikną́we iá.

to get, take, receive, accept, select, choose, seize+to try, make effort, decide+pluralizer = they tried to get, they contended, struggled/it is said (they say)

59)

On the following day, the Rabbit said, “Look at the feather which you put safely away!” it is said (they say).

e-ka-sa-ni taⁿ haⁿ-pa naⁿ i-a.

ekasáni-tą hą́pa ną iá.

next morning+and, when, since, as+day, daytime+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = the next day, when it was daytime/it is said (they say)

60)

ma-shoⁿ pi i-he-da-de kʰe

mášǫ ppi ihédade kʰe

feather, wing or quill feather/well, safely; anew; good+you put a horizontal object = you put safely away/the singular lying object

toⁿ-wa i-yi i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

tǫ́wá iyí iá maštį́ke.

to look at something+imperative command = look!/to have said/it is said (they say)/rabbit

* iyí iá > iyá iyá

61)

She looked at it, it is said (they say).

toⁿ-we naⁿ i-a.

tǫ́we ną iá.

to look at something/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

62)

The woman said, “Hoⁿ!” she was amazed, it is said (they say).

“hoⁿ!” i-yi i-a wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe.

“hǫǫ!” iyí iá waxʔó nįkʰé.

interjection of surprise/to have said/it is said (they say)/woman/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

63)

hiⁿ-xe naⁿ i-a.

hį́xe ną iá.

to wonder or be amazed/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

64)

She said, “This is the entire eagle!” it is said (they say).

“de niⁿ-kʰe

“dé-nįkʰé

this+3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting = this sitting object

xi-da bdo-ka-xti niⁿ-kʰe,”

xidá bdókaxti nįkʰé,”

eagle/whole, entire, all, circular, round/very, real, fully/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)/

65)

The Rabbit said, “Take it to the old man, to father-in-law!” it is said (they say).

“sh’a-ke niⁿ-kʰe a-ki-niⁿ da,”

“šʔáke nįkʰé ákinį dá”

old, elderly, aged, venerable; wife’s father, father-in-law/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to have or keep for someone+to go+imperative command = take it to him!

* ákinį > ákinyį

i-yi i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

iyí iá maštį́ke.

to have said/it is said (they say)/rabbit

66)

And then, she took it to him, she took the eagle to her father, the chief, it is said, (they say).

e-shoⁿ a-ki-niⁿ hi naⁿ i-a.

ešǫ́ ákinį hi ną iá.

then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/to have or keep for someone+to arrive, reach there, have been = she took it to him/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

67)

The next morning, one of the villagers said, “There in the distance, an eagle is coming! Tell Rabbit’s son to come out here!” it is said (they say).

e-ka-sa-ni taⁿ “she-do hi niⁿ,

ekasáni-tą “šédo hi nį,

next morning/and, when, since, as/yonder, there, there in the distance; there near you, there were you are, in that place which you see/to come, be coming here/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving

xi-da miⁿ!

xidá mį!

eagle/a, an, one; single

ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke a-shi-ti tʰi a-ka-zhi ni-he!”

maštį́ke ežį́ke ášitti tʰi ákaži nihé!”

rabbit/a son, someone’s son/outside, outdoors; outside of the lodge/to arrive, to have come here/to command; to tell someone to do something/imperative!, strong command or prohibition

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)

Ho-mi-ta-ta went out, as on the first day and he failed to shoot a eagle, but Ma-shtiⁿ-ke shot an eagle, as before. What followed was a repetition of the events of the first day. There were like occurrences on the third day. On the fourth day, Ma-shtiⁿ-ke killed another eagle, which he sent to his wife’s father, the chief, on the morning of the fifth day.

68)

After she had taken the fourth eagle to her father, the woman returned to her husband, it is said (they say).

e-knaⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe-ti kdi naⁿ

ekną́ke nįkʰéttí kdi ną

a woman’s husband/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/at, by, in, to/to have come back here/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

* ekną́ke = ikną́ke, ikdą́ke, iknǫ́ke

i-a wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe.

iá waxʔó nįkʰé.

it is said (they say)/woman/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

69)

The Rabbit said, “Let the old man, let father-in-law employ some persons and bring the drum here to me!” it is said (they say).

“sh’a-ke wa-wa-shi a-tʰaⁿ

“šʔáke wawáši-átʰą

old, elderly, aged, venerable; wife’s father, father-in-law/to hire or employee people to work/when, and

* waší, ‘to employ, to hire, to ask for services; employee, a hired person, worker, a person serving for hire with pay or equivalent’

de-x[e]o-di-tʰiⁿ de-do aⁿ-ki-niⁿ tʰi-wa-ki-de te-a!”

deγ[é]odítʰį dédo ąkinį tʰiwakide tteá!”

kettle, pot+to hit, strike something = a drum/here, this place, right here/to have or keep for me+to arrive, to have come here+to cause or make them+shall, will; allow, let, let’s = let him make them bring it to me!

i-yi i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

iyi iá maštį́ke.

to have said/it is said (they say)/rabbit

70)

And then, on that day the Monkey put on a very worn and tattered shirt, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ haⁿ-pa e-ti ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe

ešǫ́ hą́pa étti hómittátta nįkʰé

then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/day, daytime/there, then/monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

o-shpe o-ki-kdi-xda shi-ke hi i-niⁿ naⁿ i-a.

ošpé okkíkdixda šíke hi inį́ ną iá.

fragment, piece, chip; any old thing/shirt, coat, man’s tunic/bad/very, intensifier/to put on clothing/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

71)

Then, Monkey was going to give Rabbit’s son clothes, which he had been wearing up to now, back to him, it is said (they say).

e-ti ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe

étti maštį́ke ežį́ke wénįtʰą nįkʰé

there, then/rabbit/a son, someone’s son/to put on, to wear as clothing/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

ho-mi-ta-ta i-niⁿ ni-tʰe

hómittátta inį́ nitʰé

monkey/to put on clothing/heretofore; it could or would be, probably; although, though

ki-k’i ta niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ i-a.

kíkʔi tta nįkʰé ną iá.

to give back, return/future, will, shall/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

72)

And then he kicked it all off, Rabbit kicked off Monkey’s old clothing which he had left when he ran off with the Rabbit’s fine clothing, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ za-ni naⁿ-shto-te ną i-a.

ešǫ́ zaní ną́štotte ną iá.

then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/all, all of the/by action of the foot+to pull off, to pull out, take off or remove by pulling off or pulling out = he kicked it off/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

73)

Rabbit said, “Ha-o Monkey! Take that, your own clothing and put it on!” it is said (they say).

“ha-o, ho-mi-ta-ta!

“hao, hómittátta!

*/monkey

* hao, ‘well, ho, thank you, how are you, agreed, yes, sign of approval as the English “Hear! Hear!”, interjection of approval; marks a change of idea as the beginning of a new paragraph in writing; used in calling to a distant person; oral period, masculine imperative

i-ni-naⁿ-haⁿ di-ta ko-i kdi-za!

inínąhą́ dítta kói kdizá!

clothing; to wear, to put on clothing/your, yours/that there, that distant object/to get, take or seize one’s own+imperative command = take your own!

i-kniⁿ ni-he!”

iknį́ nihé!”

to put on one’s own clothing/imperative!, strong command or prohibition

* inį́, ‘to put on clothing’ vs. iknį́, ‘to put on one’s own clothing’

i-e naⁿ i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke.

ié ną iá maštį́ke.

to say/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)/rabbit

74)

And then, he gave it to him.

e-shoⁿ ki-k’i ną i-a.

ešǫ́ kíkʔi ną iá.

then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/to give back, return/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

75)

Then, the Rabbit took his own clothes and put them on, he also put on his moccasins, it is said (they say).

e-ti ma-shtiⁿ-ke we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ kdi-ze-ti i-kniⁿ ną i-a.

étti maštį́ke wénįtʰą kdizé-ttí iknį́ ną iá.

there, then/rabbit/to put on, to wear as clothing/to get, take or seize one’s own/at, by, in, to/to put on one’s own clothing/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

76)

hoⁿ-pe [e]-hoⁿ o-ki-tʰoⁿ ną i-a.

hǫpé [e]hǫ́ okítʰǫ ną iá.

moccasin, shoe/it, he, she too/to put on, as leggings, moccasins/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

77)

Then, Rabbit’s son made them hit the drum, which caused the Monkey to go high into the air, it is said (they say).

e-ti ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe

étti maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰé

there, then/rabbit/a son, someone’s son/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

de-x[e]o-di-tʰiⁿ o-tʰiⁿ-wa-ki-de-ti,

deγ[é]odítʰį otʰį́wakide-ttí,

kettle, pot+to hit, strike something = a drum/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to strike, slap, hit+to cause or make them+at, by, in, to = caused them to hit

ho-mi-ta-ta tʰaⁿ maⁿ-shi dekide ną i-a.

hómittátta tʰą mąší dékide ną iá.

monkey/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/high, upper, upward, above/to go+to cause or make = cause him to go/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

78)

And then, when he reached a faraway point, Rabbit caused him to come falling back, it is said (that say).

e-shoⁿ ko-zhi hi hi taⁿ,

ešǫ́ kkóži hi hi tą,

then, at length; while, and when, so; near, close to/far, far away, at a great distance, far off, remote, long way off/very, intensifier/to arrive, reach there, have been/and, when, since, as; because; if

e-ti-tʰaⁿ o-xpa-de ki-ki-de ną i-a.

ettítʰą oxpáde kíkide ną iá.

from that time, at that time, from then on; thence, subsequently/to fall from a height/to be returning to here; to be coming back+to cause or make = he caused him to comeback/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

79)

Then, when he came back and struck the ground, Monkey was killed by the shock of the fall, it is said (they say).

e-ti ho-mi-ta-ta ka-xdi kdi-he naⁿ i-a.

étti hómittátta kaxdí kdihé ną iá.

there, then/monkey/to kill by striking or stun, strike down, knock senseless, to beat severely/marks sudden action again, to have become suddenly again; again lying suddenly on the ground; lying object acted upon a second time/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

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