Circa 1890

Homitata and the Four Creators.

A translation of the Omaha myth of Ishtinike and the Four Creators.

 by Alphonsus Valliere.

1)

Once upon a time, the Monkey married and dwelt in a lodge, it is said (they say).

haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe

hą́tʰąhí hómittátta nįkʰé

then, at length; it happened that; once upon a time/monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

miⁿ-knaⁿ ti-kde naⁿ i-a.

mį́kną ttíkde ną iá.

to take a wife, the male term for to marry/to live together in same tent, set up housekeeping, dwell together, keep house/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

* iá > iyá

2)

Monkey said to his wife, “Hand me that tobacco pouch! I must go to visit your grandfather, the Beaver,” it is said (they say).

“ta-ni o-zhi-ha ko-i niⁿ-kʰe aⁿ-ki-k’i hi-da!

“taní óžiha koí-nįkʰé ąkíkʔi hidá!

tobacco+sack, bag, pocket = tobacco pouch/that there, that distant object/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to give back, return to me/to send here, to cause to come here+imperative command = send here!

* taní = tanį́

di-ti-kaⁿ zha-we niⁿ-kʰe-ti bde oⁿ-te,”

dittíką žáwe nįkʰétti bdé ǫtté,”

your grandfather/beaver/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting+at, by, in, to; when = to the sitting object/I go/must

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta.

iyí iá hómittátta.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey

3)

And then, he went there, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ e-ti de naⁿ i-a.

ešǫ́ étti dé ną iá.

then, at length; while, and when, so/there, then, said of time as well as place/to go/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

4)

When Monkey arrived there, he arrived at the back side of Beaver’s lodge and the Beaver said, “Ha-o! Come on around in that direction,” it is said (they say).

de-tʰe-ta hi naⁿ,

détʰetta hí ną,

this+the singular standing or collection+to, at, toward, in that direction = to this standing object, to this collection of objects/to arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

* détʰetta, JOD translates as ‘back part of lodge, back of lodge’

“ha-o! ko-i-shoⁿ tʰi-da taⁿ,”

“hao! kóišǫ tʰidá-ttą,”

*/in that direction/pass along

* hao, ‘well, ho, thank you, how are you, agreed, yes, sign of approval as the English “Hear! Hear!”, interjection of approval; marks a change of idea as the beginning of a new paragraph in writing; used in calling to a distant person; oral period, masculine imperative’

* kóišǫ, JOD translates as ‘in that direction’, also translated elsewhere as ‘so, that sort, that case, that manner; then, despite, notwithstanding’

* tʰidé, ‘to pass by; come forth at birth; to begin, suddenly’

i-yi i-a zha-we niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iá žáwe nįkʰé.

to have said/it is said (they say)/beaver/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

5)

Monkey was seated upon a pillow, it is said (they say).

i-pe-hiⁿ a-kniⁿ-ki-de naⁿ i-a.

ípehį áknįkkíde ną́ iá.

pillow/on, upon+to sit, to be sitting; be in a place, camp+to cause for or to = cause him to sit upon/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

6)

The Beaver’s wife said, “We have nothing at all, what would your grandfather eat?” it is said (they say).

“ta-taⁿ di-ti-kaⁿ da-tʰe ha-naⁿ-te wa-ni-ke-hi-we,”

“táttą dittíką datʰé hánątté waníkehiwé,”

what, something/your grandfather/to eat+interrogative, indefinite+perhaps, maybe, can, might, could, would = what could he possibly eat/things, stuff+to have none, be lacking+very, intensifier+pluralizer = we have nothing at all

* datʰé hánątté > datʰé ánątté > datʰánątté

i-yi i-a zha-we e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iá žáwe ekáxną nįkʰé.

to have said/it is said (they say)/beaver/a man’s wife, someone’s wife/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

* ekáxną = ikáxną

7)

Now then, the Beaver had four young beavers, it is said (they say).

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ zha-we niⁿ-kʰe

kóišǫ́ttą žáwe nįkʰé

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/beaver/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

zha-we zhi-ka to-wa wa-toⁿ naⁿ i-a.

žáwe žíka tówa wattǫ́ ną iá.

beaver+small, little; young+four = four young beavers/to possess, have them/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

8)

Then, the youngest one said, “My father, let me be the one who will serve as the food,” it is said (they say).

e-ti zhi-ka hi niⁿ-kʰe

étti žíka hí nįkʰé

there, then/small, little; young+very, intensifier+3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting = the youngest one

i-ke naⁿ i-a:

iké ną iá:

to say that to someone/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

“iⁿ-ta-te, wa-naⁿ-bde tʰe wi-e te-a,”

“į́ttatté, waną́bde tʰe wíe tteá,”

my father/eat a meal, dine; food/the singular, standing or collection/I, me/shall, will; allow, let, let’s

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)

9)

His father killed him, it is said (they say).

e-da-te niⁿ-kʰe kda-xdi naⁿ i-a.

edátte nįkʰe kdaxdí ną iá.

a father, his or her father/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to kill one’s own by striking or stun, strike down, knock senseless, to beat severely/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

* edátte = idátte

10)

Beaver’s wife cooked her son and fed the Monkey, it is said (they say).

o-ki-hoⁿ tʰe-ti ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe da-tʰe-ki-de naⁿ i-a.

okíhǫ tʰétti hómittátta nįkʰé datʰékkidé ną iá.

to boil or cook one’s own/at the time, when/monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to eat+to cause for or to = to cause one to eat, to feed him/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

11)

While the Monkey was sitting there, before he began eating, the Beaver said to him, “Beware lest you break even a single bone by biting!” it is said (they say).

ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe da-tʰa-zhi shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe,

hómittátta nįkʰé datʰáži šǫ́-nįkʰé,

monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to eat+not, negation = to not eat/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

zha-we niⁿ-kʰe i-ke naⁿ i-a:

žáwe nįkʰé iké ną iá:

beaver/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to say that to someone/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

“wa-hi miⁿ ke-hi-te ta-xoⁿ na-ha!” i-yi i-a.

“wahí mį́ kéhitte ttaxǫ́ nahá!” iyí iá.

bone/a, an, one; single/even, so much as/you break by biting/prohibitive imperative, beware lest.../to have said/it is said (they say)

* mį́ > mí

12)

However, the Monkey bit one of the toes and broke it, it is said (they say).

e-ni-tʰe ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe

énitʰé hómittátta nįkʰé

although, though, nevertheless, however/monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

si-po-za miⁿ da-xoⁿ naⁿ i-a.

sippóza mį́ daxǫ́ ną iá.

toe/a, an, one; single/to break by biting/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

13)

When they had eaten their fill, the Beaver gathered up all of his son’s bones and put them in a skin, which he plunged beneath the water, it is said (they say).

we-naⁿ-tʰe-hi-naⁿ-we,

wénątʰé-hi-ną-we,

to have enough, full, satisfied after a meal, to feel full after eating a hearty meal+very, intensifier+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often+pluralizer = when they felt very full after eating

wa-hi ke za-ni ki-ba-hi naⁿ i-a.

wahí ke zaní kibáhi ną iá.

bone+the plural standing or scattered = the scattered bones/all, all of the/to pick up, gather up from the ground one’s own/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

14)

ha niⁿ-kʰe-ti o-ki-zhi a-tʰaⁿ,

há nįkʰétti okíži-atʰą́,

skin, hide, bark, shell/the singular, sitting+at, by, in, to; when = in the/to fill one’s own/when, and

ni maⁿ-tʰe o-bi-taⁿ de-de naⁿ i-a.

ní mą́tʰe obíttą déde ną iá.

water, liquid; stream, creek, river/inside, in, within, under/to plunge or press into+to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action = plunged it into suddenly/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

15)

In no time at all, the youngest beaver emerged from the water alive again, it is said (they say).

ka-chʰoⁿ hi zha-we zhi-ka hi niⁿ-kʰe

kačʰǫ́ hi žáwe žíka hí nįkʰé

in a very little while/beaver+small, little; young+very, intensifier+3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting = the youngest beaver

wa-e-naⁿ-pe kdi-he naⁿ i-a,

waénąpé kdihé ną iá,

to appear in sight, to emerge from, rises, appears/marks sudden action again, to have become suddenly again; again lying suddenly on the ground; lying object acted upon a second time/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

ki-ti-ta naⁿ i-a.

kíttitta ną iá.

to come to life again, alive again, revive/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

16)

His father said to him, “Is anything the matter?” the son said, “My father, he bit one of my toes and broke it,” it is said (they say).

e-da-te niⁿ-kʰe, “hoⁿ e,”

edátte nįkʰe, “hǫ́ e,”

a father, his or her father/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/what, whatever, how, however, why, whyever, in what manner+question sign = what is the matter? what happened? how is it?’

i-ke-ti, e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe,

iké-tti, ežį́ke nįkʰe,

to say that to someone/at, by, in, to; when/a son, his or her son/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

“iⁿ-ta-te, si-po-za miⁿ aⁿ-da-xoⁿ tʰe,” iyí iá.

“į́ttatté, sippóza mį́ ądaxǫ́ tʰé,” iyí iá.

my father/toe/a, an, one; single/to break mine by biting/the past act, completed action/to have said/it is said (they say)

17)

Therefore, from that time on, every beaver has one toe, the one next to the smallest toe, which has been split by biting, it is said (they say).

ko-i e-ti-tʰaⁿ zha-we za-ni si-po-za miⁿ,

kói ettítʰą žáwe zaní sippóza mį́,

that there, that distant object/from then on, from that time, at that time, from then on; from there, thence, subsequently/beaver/all, all of the/toe/a, an, one; single

si-po-za o-zhi-ka o-ba-tʰaⁿ tʰe

sippóza ožíka obátʰą tʰe

toe/smallest/the next/the singular, standing or collection

o-da-ste tʰe naⁿ i-a.

odáste tʰé ną iá.

to split or crack by biting, split with the teeth+the past act, completed action; the singular, standing or collection+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = has been split by biting/it is said (they say)

18)

The Monkey pretended to forget his tobacco pouch and left it behind as he headed for home, it is said (they say).

ta-ni o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe

taní óžiha nįkʰé

tobacco pouch/the singular, sitting; 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

a-kdaⁿ-niⁿ koⁿ-ze kde naⁿ

ákdąnį́ kǫ́ze kdé ną

to forget/to pretend, feign; to be similar or equal to; same, equal/to go home, to start homeward/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

i-a ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ.

iá hómittátta nį́.

it is said (they say)/monkey/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving

* nį́ > nyį́

19)

Then the Beaver said to one of his sons, “Go take this to him! Throw it back to him while you are standing very far away from him! He always talks too much,” it is said (they say).

e-ti zha-we niⁿ-kʰe

étti žáwe nįkʰé

there, then/beaver/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

e-zhiⁿ-ke e-ta miⁿ i-ke naⁿ i-a:

ežį́ke ettá mį́ iké ną iá:

a son, his or her son/his, hers, its/a, an, one; single/to say that to someone/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

* ettá = ittá

20)

“de-niⁿ-kʰe a-ki-niⁿ da!

“dé-nįkʰé ákinį dá!

this+the singular, sitting+to have or keep for someone+to go+imperative command = go take this to him!

21)

ko-zhi hi shoⁿ tʰaⁿ

kkóži hi šǫ́-tʰą

far, far away, far off+very, intensifier = very far away/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de ni-he!

kíkkiǫ́de déde nihé!

to throw back to the owner+to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action+imperative!, strong command or prohibition = throw his back to him!

i-e a-ta-ha naⁿ,”

íe áttaha ną,”

to talk, speak; say; word/too, exceedingly, much/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = he always talks too much

* íe > íye

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)

22)

Then, Beaver’s son went to take the tobacco pouch to Monkey, it is said (they say).

e-ti e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ

étti ežį́ke nį́

there, then/a son, his or her son/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving

a-ki-niⁿ de naⁿ i-a.

ákinį dé ną iá.

to have or keep for someone+to go+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = he took it to him/it is said (they say)

23)

As the Beaver’s son was standing very far away from the Monkey, in order to throw Monkey’s tobacco pouch back to him, the Monkey said, “Come here, come closer! Come here, come closer!” it is said (they say).

ko-zhi hi shoⁿ tʰaⁿ

kkóži hi šǫ́-tʰą

far, far away, far off+very, intensifier = very far away/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de tʰaⁿ naⁿ,

kíkkiǫ́de déde tʰą ną́,

to throw back to the owner/to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

“do-ti hi-we! do-ti hi-we!”

“dótti hiwé! dótti hiwé!”

toward this place/to come, be coming here, not own+emphatic or imperative = come here, come closer!/toward this place/to come, be coming here, not own+emphatic or imperative = come here, come closer!

* dótti = tóti

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta tʰaⁿ.

iyí iá hómittátta tʰą́.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

24)

When the young beaver took the pouch a little closer, Monkey said, “Tell your father that he should come see me!” it is said, (they say).

koⁿ-ha zhi-ka ki-hi naⁿ,

kkǫ́ha žíka kihí ną,

near, by+small, little; young = nearer, a little closer/to arrive or reach there, having gone there for or to another/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

“di-a-te aⁿ-toⁿ-we tʰi te o-ki-da ni-he!”

“diátte ątǫ́we tʰí tte ókidá nihé!”

your father/to look at me = to see me/to arrive, to have come here/*/to tell something to another/imperative!, strong command or prohibition

* tte, ‘will, shall, future’ …. or …. tʰe, ‘the singular, standing or collection; the past act, completed action’

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)

25)

And when the young beaver reached home, the boy said to his father, “My father, he said that you are to come see him,” it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ zha-we zhi-ka niⁿ kʰi naⁿ

ešǫ́ žáwe žíka nį́ kʰí ną

then, at length; while, and when, so/beaver/small, little; young/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/to arrive back at one’s own = he reached home/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

i-ke naⁿ i-a:

iké ną iá:

to say that to someone/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

“iⁿ-ta-te, da-ki-shtoⁿ-we shi te, i-e,”

“į́ttatté, dakkíštǫ́we ší tte, ié,”

my father/you look at your own relation/you arrive, you reach there, you have been/will, shall, future/to talk, speak; say; word

i-yi i-a she-to niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iá šétto nįkʰé.

to have said/it is said (they say)/boy/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

26)

The Beaver said, “I was afraid of that, that is why I had said to you, ‘Throw it back to him while you are standing very far away from him!’” it is said (they say).

“ko-i aⁿ-naⁿ-ko-i-he taⁿ

“kói ąną́koihé-tą,

that there, that distant object/I apprehensive, dread, insecure, fearful of/and, when, since, as; because; if

* ikoihé, ‘to fear, fearful, as the fear of some unseen danger, misgiving, a feeling of doubt; insecure, to feel insecure, to dread an unseen or uncertain danger, to be apprehensive’

‘ko-zhi hi shoⁿ tʰaⁿ

‘kkóži hi šǫ́-tʰą

far, far away, far off+very, intensifier = very far away/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de ni-he!’

kíkkiǫ́de déde nihé!’

to throw back to the owner+to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action+imperative!, strong command or prohibition = throw his back to him!

i-he ni-tʰe,”

ihé nitʰé,”

I say/heretofore, previously, formerly, before this, so far

i-yi i-a zha-we niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iá žáwe nįkʰé.

to have said/it is said (they say)/beaver/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

27)

Beaver went to visit the Monkey in his lodge, it is said (they say).

zha-we ti-o-pʰe ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe-ti ki-hi i-a.

žáwe ttiópʰe hómittátta nįkʰétti kihí iá.

beaver/to enter a lodge, to visit/monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/at, by, in, to; when/to arrive or reach there, having gone there for or to another/it is said (they said)

28)

And then, when Beaver arrived there, the Monkey wanted to kill one of his own children, just as Beaver had done, Monkey beat the child, which sat there crying from being struck, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ e-ti hi taⁿ,

ešǫ́ étti hí-tą,

then, at length; while, and when, so/there, then/to arrive, reach there, have been/and, when, since, as; because; if

ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe shi-zhi-ka miⁿ t’e-ki-de koⁿ-da naⁿ i-a,

hómittátta nįkʰé šižíka mį́ tʔékide kǫ́da ną iá,

monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/child/a, an, one; single/to kill one’s own/to want, desire, wish/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they said)

o-tʰiⁿ naⁿ ka-xa-ke-knaⁿ kniⁿ naⁿ i-a.

otʰį́ ną kaγákekną́ knį́ ną iá.

to strike, slap, hit/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/by striking, sudden application of force+to cry+* = made him cry out suddenly by beating/to sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they said)

* to become, denotes suddenness …. or …. kną́, ‘to set, place, put’ …. or …. knǫ, ‘to curse, revile’

29)

But the Beaver did not want that, he said, “Leave him alone! You are making him suffer” it is said (they say).

e-de zha-we e-koⁿ-da-zhi niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ i-a.

edé žáwe ékǫdáži nįkʰé ną iá.

but, and/beaver/aforementioned, that, he, she, it+to want, desire, wish+not, negation = he did not want that/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they said)

30)

“shoⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe-da! a-kda-da-de,” i-yi i-a.

“šǫ́nįkʰéda! ákdadáde,” iyí iá.

to leave the sitting object undisturbed+imperative command = leave him alone/you cause to suffer = you cause him to suffer/to have said/it is said (they say)

31)

Then the Beaver went to the water, he brought a young beaver back to the lodge and they all ate it, it is said (they say).

e-ti zha-we niⁿ ni-a-ta de ti,

étti žáwe nį́ niátta dé-tti,

there, then/beaver/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/water, liquid; stream, creek, river+towards, in the direction of = towards the water/to go/at, by, in, to; when

zha-we zhi-ka miⁿ a-niⁿ kdi taⁿ,

žáwe žíka mį́ anį́ kdí tą,

beaver/small, little; young/a, an, one; single/to have, keep+to have come back here = he brought back/and, when, since, as; because; if

za-ni da-tʰe naⁿ i-a.

zaní datʰé ną iá.

all, all of the/to eat/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

32)

And then, one day it happened that Monkey said to his wife, “Hand me that tobacco pouch! I must go to visit your grandfather, the Muskrat,” it is said (they say).

haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi haⁿ-pa miⁿ tą,

hą́tʰąhí hą́pa mį́-tą,

then, at length; it happened that; once upon a time/day, daytime/a, an, one; single/and, when, since, as; because; if

“ta-ni o-zhi-ha ko-i niⁿ-kʰe aⁿ-ki-k’i hi-da!

“táni óžiha koí-nįkʰé ąkíkʔi hidá!

tobacco pouch/that there, that distant object/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to give back, return to me/to send here, to cause to come here+imperative command = send here!

* taní = tanį́

di-ti-kaⁿ ta-si niⁿ-kʰe-ti bde oⁿ-te,”

dittíką ttási nįkʰétti bdé ǫtté,”

your grandfather/muskrat/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting+at, by, in, to; when = to the sitting object/I go/must

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta.

iyí iá hómittátta.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey

33)

And then, he went there, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ e-ti de naⁿ i-a.

ešǫ́ étti dé ną iá.

then, at length; while, and when, so/there, then, said of time as well as place/to go/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

34)

When Monkey arrived there, he arrived at the back side of Muskrat’s lodge and the Muskrat said, “Ha-o! Come on around in that direction,” it is said (they say).

de-tʰe-ta hi naⁿ,

détʰetta hí ną,

this+the singular standing or collection+to, at, toward, in that direction = to this standing object/to arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

* détʰetta, JOD translates this as ‘back part of lodge, back of lodge’

“ha-o! ko-i-shoⁿ tʰi-da taⁿ,”

“hao! kóišǫ tʰidá-ttą,”

*/in that direction, around in that direction/pass along

* hao, ‘well, ho, thank you, how are you, agreed, yes, sign of approval as the English “Hear! Hear!”, interjection of approval; marks a change of idea as the beginning of a new paragraph in writing; used in calling to a distant person; oral period, masculine imperative’

* kóišǫ, JOD translates as ‘in that direction’, also translated elsewhere as ‘so, that sort, that case, that manner; then, despite, notwithstanding’

* tʰidé, ‘to pass by; come forth at birth; to begin, suddenly’

i-yi i-a ta-si niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iá ttási nįkʰé.

to have said/it is said (they say)/muskrat/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

35)

Monkey was seated upon a pillow, it is said (they say).

i-pe-hiⁿ a-kniⁿ-ki-de naⁿ i-a.

ípehį áknįkkíde ną́ iá.

pillow/on, upon+to sit, to be sitting; be in a place, camp+to cause for or to = cause him to sit upon/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

36)

The Muskrat’s wife said, “We have nothing at all, what would your grandfather eat?” it is said (they say).

“ta-taⁿ di-ti-kaⁿ da-tʰe ha-naⁿ-te wa-ni-ke-hi-we,”

“táttą dittíką datʰé hánątté waníkehiwé,”

what, something/your grandfather/to eat+interrogative, indefinite+perhaps, maybe, can, might, could, would = what could he possibly eat/things, stuff+to have none, be lacking+very, intensifier+pluralizer = we have nothing at all

* datʰé hánątté > datʰé ánątté > datʰánątté

i-yi i-a ta-si ekáxną niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iá ttási ekáxną nįkʰé.

to have said/it is said (they say)/muskrat/a man’s wife, someone’s wife/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

* ekáxną = ikáxną

37)

Then the Muskrat said, “Fetch some water!” it is said (they said).

e-ti ta-si niⁿ-kʰe,

étti ttási nįkʰé,

there, then/muskrat/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

“ni a-ki-da!”

“ní ákidá!”

water, liquid; stream, creek, river/to go for something not one’s own; fetch+imperative command = go get! fetch!

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)

38)

The woman went to fetch the water and brought it back home, it is said, (they say).

wa-x’o niⁿ a-ki-de-ti

waxʔó nį ákidé-tti

woman/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/to go for something not one’s own; fetch+at, by, in, to; when = she went to fetch it

* anį́ kʰí > anyį́ kʰí

a-niⁿ kʰi naⁿ

anį́ kʰí ną

to have, keep+to arrive back at one’s own+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = she reached home with it

i-a ni tʰe.

iá ní tʰe.

it is said (they say)/water, liquid; stream, creek, river/the singular, standing or collection

39)

He told her to hang the kettle over the fire, it is said, (they say).

i-kaⁿ-de a-kde a-ka-zhi naⁿ i-a.

íkkąde ákde ákaži ną́ iá.

pot hanger, handle; lariat, line, strap, lead+to put or place an upright upon, to set on = to hang the kettle over the fire/to command; tell someone to do something/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

* íkkodákde = íkkąde ákde

40)

Then, the woman hung the kettle of water over the fire, it is said (they say).

e-ti wa-x’o tʰaⁿ i-kaⁿ-de a-kde naⁿ

étti waxʔó tʰą íkkąde ákde ną́

there, then/woman/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/to hang the kettle over the fire/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

i-a ni tʰe.

iá ní tʰe.

it is said (they say)/water, liquid; stream, creek, river/the singular, standing or collection

41)

When the water was at full boil, the husband pushed over the kettle, it is said (they say).

a-bi-xe hi naⁿ

ábiγe hí ną

to boil water, to foam/very, intensifier/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

bi-shoⁿ de-de

bišǫ́ dedé

to push over and spill; to destabilize, dislocate by pressure+to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action = emptied, poured out suddenly by pushing

i-a ni-ka niⁿ-kʰe.

iá níkka nįkʰé.

it is said (they say)/man/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

42)

When he pushed over the kettle, instead of water, rice poured out, it is said (they say).

bi-shoⁿ de-de-ti, pe-zhe xta si zhi-ka bi-shoⁿ de-de naⁿ i-a.

bišǫ́ dedé-tti, ppéžextá si žíka bišǫ́ dedé ną iá.

emptied, poured out suddenly by pushing/at, by, in, to; when/wheat, flour+seed, pit, grain, kernel+small, little; young = rice/emptied, poured out suddenly by pushing/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

43)

And then, the Monkey ate the rice, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe pe-zhe-xta si zhi-ka da-tʰe naⁿ i-a.

ešǫ́ hómittátta nįkʰé ppéžextá si žíka datʰé ną iá.

then, at length; while, and when, so/monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/rice/to eat/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

44)

The Monkey pretended to forget his tobacco pouch and left it behind as he headed for home it is said (they say).

“ta-ni o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe

“taní óžiha nįkʰé

tobacco pouch/the singular, sitting; 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

a-kda-niⁿ koⁿ-ze kde naⁿ

ákdąnį́ kǫ́ze kdé ną

to forget/to pretend, feign; to be similar or equal to; same, equal/to go home, to start homeward/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

i-a ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ.

iá hómittátta nį.

it is said (they say)/monkey/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving

45)

Then the Muskrat said to one of his sons, “Go take this to him! Throw it back to him while you are standing very far away from him! He always talks too much,” it is said (they say).

e-ti ta-si niⁿ-kʰe e-zhiⁿ-ke e-ta miⁿ

étti ttási nįkʰé ežį́ke ettá mį́

there, then/muskrat/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/a son, his or her son/his, hers, its/a, an, one; single

* ettá = ittá

i-ke naⁿ i-a:

iké ną iá:

to say that to someone/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

46)

“de-niⁿ-kʰe a-ki-niⁿ da!

“dé-nįkʰé ákinį dá!

this+the singular, sitting+to have or keep for someone+to go+imperative command = go take this to him!

47)

ko-zhi hi shoⁿ tʰaⁿ

kkóži hí šǫ́-tʰą

far, far away, far off+very, intensifier = very far away/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de ni-he!

kíkkiǫ́de déde nihé!

to throw back to the owner+to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action+imperative!, strong command or prohibition = throw his back to him!

i-e a-ta-ha naⁿ,”

íe áttahá ną,”

to talk, speak; say; word/too, exceedingly, much/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = he always talks too much

* íe > íye

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)

48)

Then, Muskrat’s son went to take the tobacco pouch to Monkey, it is said (they say).

e-ti e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ

étti ežį́ke nį́

there, then/a son, his or her son/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving

a-ki-niⁿ de naⁿ i-a.

ákinį dé ną iá.

to have or keep for someone+to go+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = he took it to him/it is said (they say)

49)

As the Muskrat’s son was standing very far away from the Monkey, in order to throw Monkey’s tobacco pouch back to him, the Monkey said, “Come here, come closer! Come here, come closer!” it is said (they say).

ko-zhi hi shoⁿ tʰaⁿ

kkóži hi šǫ́-tʰą

far, far away, far off+very, intensifier = very far away/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de tʰaⁿ naⁿ,

kíkkiǫ́de déde tʰą ną́,

to throw back to the owner/to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

“do-ti hi-we! do-ti hi-we!”

“dótti hiwé! dótti hiwé!”

toward this place/to come, be coming here, not own+emphatic or imperative = come here, come closer!/toward this place/to come, be coming here, not own+emphatic or imperative = come here, come closer!

* dótti = tóti

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta tʰaⁿ.

iyí iá hómittátta tʰą́.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

50)

When the young muskrat took the pouch closer, Monkey said, “Tell your father that he should come see me!” it is said, (they say).

koⁿ-ha zhi-ka ki-hi naⁿ,

kkǫ́ha žíka kihí ną,

near, by+small, little; young = nearer, a little closer/to arrive or reach there, having gone there for or to another/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

“di-a-te aⁿ-toⁿ-we tʰi te o-ki-da ni-he!”

“diátte ątǫ́we tʰí tte ókidá nihé!”

your father/to look at me = to see me/to arrive, to have come here/*/to tell something to another/imperative!, strong command or prohibition

* tte, ‘will, shall, future’ …. or …. tʰe, ‘the singular, standing or collection; the past act, completed action’

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)

51)

And when the young muskrat reached home, the boy said to his father, “My father, he said that you are to come see him,” it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ ta-si zhi-ka niⁿ kʰi naⁿ

ešǫ́ ttási žíka nį́ kʰí ną

then, at length; while, and when, so/muskrat/small, little; young/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/to arrive back at one’s own = he reached home/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

i-ke naⁿ i-a:

iké ną iá:

to say that to someone/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

“iⁿ-ta-te, da-ki-shtoⁿ-we shi te, i-e,”

“į́ttatté, dakkíštǫ́we ší tte, ié,”

my father/you look at your own relation/you arrive, you reach there, you have been/will, shall, future/to talk, speak; say; word

i-yi i-a she-to niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iá šétto nįkʰé.

to have said/it is said (they say)/boy/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

52)

The Muskrat said, “I was afraid of that, that is why I had said to you, ‘Throw it back to him while you are standing very far away from him!’” it is said (they say).

“ko-i aⁿ-naⁿ-ko-i-he taⁿ

“kói ąną́koihé-tą,

that there, that distant object/I apprehensive, dread, insecure, fearful of/and, when, since, as; because; if

* ikoihé, ‘to fear, fearful, as the fear of some unseen danger, misgiving, a feeling of doubt; insecure, to feel insecure, to dread an unseen or uncertain danger, to be apprehensive’

‘ko-zhi hi shoⁿ tʰaⁿ

‘kkóži hi šǫ́-tʰą

far, far away, far off+very, intensifier = very far away/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de ni-he!’

kíkkiǫ́de déde nihé!’

to throw back to the owner+to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action+imperative!, strong command or prohibition = throw his back to him!

i-he ni-tʰe,”

ihé nitʰé,”

I say/heretofore, previously, formerly, before this, so far

i-yi i-a ta-si niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iá ttási nįkʰé.

to have said/it is said (they say)/muskrat/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

53)

Muskrat went to visit the Monkey in his lodge, it is said (they say).

ta-si ti-o-pʰe ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe-ti ki-hi i-a.

ttási ttiópʰe hómittátta nįkʰétti kihí iá.

muskrat/to enter a lodge, to visit/monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/at, by, in, to; when/to arrive or reach there, having gone there for or to another/it is said (they said)

54)

And then, when Muskrat arrived there, the Monkey said to his wife, “Fetch some water!” it is said (they said).

e-shoⁿ e-ti hi taⁿ,

ešǫ́ étti hí-tą,

then, at length; while, and when, so/there, then/to arrive, reach there, have been/and, when, since, as; because; if

ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe, “ni a-ki-da!”

hómittátta nįkʰé, “ní ákidá!”

monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/water, liquid; stream, creek, river+to go for something not one’s own; fetch+imperative command = go get water! fetch water!

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)

55)

The woman went to fetch the water and brought it back home, it is said, (they say).

wa-x’o niⁿ a-ki-de-ti

waxʔó nį ákidé-tti

woman/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/to go for something not one’s own; fetch+at, by, in, to; when = she went to fetch it

* anį́ kʰí > anyį́ kʰí

a-niⁿ kʰi naⁿ

anį́ kʰí ną

to have, keep+to arrive back at one’s own+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = she reached home with it

i-a ni tʰe.

iá ní tʰe.

it is said (they say)/water, liquid; stream, creek, river+the singular, standing or collection = the water

56)

He told her to hang the kettle over the fire, it is said, (they say).

i-kaⁿ-de a-kde a-ka-zhi naⁿ i-a.

íkkąde ákde ákaži ną́ iá.

to hang the kettle over the fire/to command; tell someone to do something/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

* íkkodákde = íkkąde ákde

57)

When the kettle was hung over the fire and it had come to full boil, Monkey pushed it over, nothing but water came pouring out, it is said (they say).

i-kaⁿ-de a-kde ti a-bi-xe hi taⁿ,

íkkąde akdé-ttí ábiγe hí-tą,

to hang the kettle over the fire/at, by, in, to; when/to boil water, to foam/very, intensifier/and, when, since, as; because; if

bi-shoⁿ de-de taⁿ,

bišǫ́ dedé-tą,

to empty, pour out suddenly by pushing/and, when, since, as; because; if

ni do-ta-xti bi-shoⁿ de-de naⁿ i-a.

ní dottáxti bišǫ́ dedé ną iá.

water, liquid; stream, creek, river+to here, this side, to hither+very, real, fully = only water came forth/to empty, pour out suddenly by pushing

* JOD translates dottáxti as ‘only, simply’

58)

The Monkey wanted to do just as the Muskrat had done, but he was unable, it is said, (they say).

ta-si ka-xe tʰe

ttási káγe tʰe

muskrat/to make, do, cause/the past act, completed action

e-koⁿ ka-xe koⁿ-da tʰe

ékǫ káγe kǫ́da tʰe

that sort, like, thus, like that, like so/to make, do, cause/to want, desire, wish/the past act, completed action; the singular, standing or collection

di-sh’a naⁿ i-a ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe.

dišʔá ną iá hómittátta nįkʰé.

to fail, fall short/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)/monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

59)

Then, again, the Muskrat did just as he had done before, and as he headed for home, he left an abundance of rice for Monkey, it is said, (they say)

e-ti ta-si niⁿ-kʰe shi-naⁿ

étti ttási nįkʰé ší-ną

there, then/muskrat/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/again, and, also+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = again as before

e-koⁿ ka-xe taⁿ,

ékǫ káγe-taⁿ,

that sort, like, thus, like that, like so/to make, do, cause/and, when, since, as; because; if

pe-zhe-xta si zhi-ka zho-hi hi

ppéžextá si žíka žóhi hí

rice/much, many/very, intensifier

ki-oⁿ-de kde naⁿ i-a.

kiǫ́dé kdé ną iá.

to abandon, leave, or throw away one’s own/to go home, to start homeward/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

60)

And then, one day it happened that Monkey said to his wife, “Hand me that tobacco pouch! I must go to visit your grandfather, the Kingfisher,” it is said (they say).

haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi haⁿ-pa miⁿ tą,

hą́tʰąhí hą́pa mį́-tą,

then, at length; it happened that; once upon a time/day, daytime/a, an, one; single/and, when, since, as; because; if

“ta-ni o-zhi-ha ko-i niⁿ-kʰe aⁿ-ki-k’i hi-da!

“táni óžiha koí-nįkʰé ąkíkʔi hidá!

tobacco pouch/that there, that distant object/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to give back, return to me/to send here, to cause to come here+imperative command = send here!

* taní = tanį́

di-ti-kaⁿ ti-ta-shka niⁿ-kʰe-ti bde oⁿ-te,”

dittíką ttittáška nįkʰétti bdé ǫtté,”

your grandfather/kingfisher/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting+at, by, in, to; when = to the sitting object/I go/must

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta.

iyí iá hómittátta.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey

61)

And then, he went there, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ e-ti de naⁿ i-a.

ešǫ́ étti dé ną iá.

then, at length; while, and when, so/there, then, said of time as well as place/to go/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

62)

Then, when Monkey arrived there, the Kingfisher stood on a willow branch, bending it down so that it was very close to the water, and from there, Kingfisher dove into the water, it is said (they say).

e-ti hi taⁿ,

étti hí-tą,

there, then/to arrive, reach there, have been/and, when, since, as; because; if

ti-ta-shka di-xe ka-xa miⁿ a-na-zhiⁿ

ttittáška díγe káxa mį́ ánažį ną́

kingfisher/willow/branch, limb/a, an, one; single/on, upon+to stand = to stand upon/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

naⁿ-zo a-tʰaⁿ ni kʰe koⁿ-ha hi hi naⁿ

nązó átʰą ní kʰe kkǫ́ha hi hí ną

to bend down with the foot/when, and/water, liquid; stream, creek, river/the singular lying object/near, by+very, intensifier = very close to/to arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

e-ti-tʰaⁿ ni kʰe knoⁿ-ke de naⁿ i-a.

ettítʰą ní kʰe knǫ́ke dé ną iá.

from then on, from that time, at that time, from then on; from there, thence, subsequently/water, liquid; stream, creek, river/the singular lying object/to dive/to go/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

63)

He emerged from the water with a fish and fed the Monkey, it is said (they say).

ho miⁿ wa-e-naⁿ-pe a-niⁿ kdi-he naⁿ i-a.

hó mį́ waénąpé anį́ kdihé ną iá.

fish/a, an, one; single/to appear in sight, to emerge from, rises, appears/to have, keep/marks sudden action again, to have become suddenly again; again lying suddenly on the ground; lying object acted upon a second time/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

64)

e-ti ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe da-tʰe-ki-de naⁿ i-a.

étti hómittátta nįkʰé datʰékkidé ną iá.

there, then/monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to eat+to cause for or to = to cause one to eat, to feed him/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

65)

And then, just as Monkey was about to leave, he left one of his gloves, pretending that he had forgotten it and headed for home, it is said (they say).

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ ho-mi-ta-ta kde shoⁿ niⁿ

kóišǫ́ttą hómittátta kdé šǫ́-nį́

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/monkey/to go home, to start homeward/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving

naⁿ-pe o-di-shiⁿ tʰe i-ma-sa-ni-kde

nąpé ódišį́ tʰe ímasaníkde

hand+to wrap, cover, fold in a bundle, covering = glove/the singular, standing or collection/on one side, half of a pair

* nąpé ódišį́ > nąpé ódižį́

a-kda-niⁿ koⁿ-ze kde niⁿ i-a.

ákdąnį́ kǫ́ze kdé nį́ iá.

to forget/to pretend, feign; to be similar or equal to; same, equal/to go home, to start homeward/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/it is said (they say)

66)

Then the Kingfisher said to one of his sons, “Go take this to him! Throw it back to him while you are standing very far away from him! He always talks too much,” it is said (they say).

e-ti ti-ta-shka niⁿ-kʰe e-zhiⁿ-ke e-ta miⁿ

étti ttittáška nįkʰé ežį́ke ettá mį́

there, then/kingfisher/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/a son, his or her son/his, hers, its/a, an, one; single

* ettá = ittá

i-ke naⁿ i-a:

iké ną iá:

to say that to someone/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

67)

“de-niⁿ-kʰe a-ki-niⁿ da!

“dé-nįkʰé ákinį dá!

this+the singular, sitting+to have or keep for someone+to go+imperative command = go take this to him!

68)

ko-zhi hi shoⁿ tʰaⁿ

kkóži hí šǫ́-tʰą

far, far away, far off+very, intensifier = very far away/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de ni-he!

kíkkiǫ́de déde nihé!

to throw back to the owner+to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action+imperative!, strong command or prohibition = throw his back to him!

i-e a-ta-ha naⁿ,”

íe áttahá ną,”

to talk, speak; say; word/too, exceedingly, much/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = he always talks too much

* íe > íye

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)

69)

Then, Kingfisher’s son went to take the glove to Monkey, it is said (they say).

e-ti e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ

étti ežį́ke nį́

there, then/a son, his or her son/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving

a-ki-niⁿ de naⁿ i-a.

ákinį dé ną iá.

to have or keep for someone+to go+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = he took it to him/it is said (they say)

70)

As the Kingfisher’s son was standing very far away from the Monkey, in order to throw Monkey’s glove back to him, the Monkey said, “Come here! Come here!” it is said (they say).

ko-zhi hi shoⁿ tʰaⁿ

kkóži hi šǫ́-tʰą

far, far away, far off+very, intensifier = very far away/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de tʰaⁿ naⁿ,

kíkkiǫ́de déde tʰą ną́,

to throw back to the owner/to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

“do-ti hi-we! do-ti hi-we!”

“dótti hiwé! dótti hiwé!”

toward this place, this way/to come, be coming here, not own+emphatic or imperative = come here!/toward this place, this way/to come, be coming here, not own+emphatic or imperative = come here!

* dótti = tóti

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta tʰaⁿ.

iyí iá hómittátta tʰą́.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

71)

When the young kingfisher took the glove closer, Monkey said, “Tell your father that he should come see me!” it is said, (they say).

koⁿ-ha zhi-ka ki-hi naⁿ,

kkǫ́ha žíka kihí ną,

near, by+small, little; young = nearer, a little closer/to arrive or reach there, having gone there for or to another/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

“di-a-te aⁿ-toⁿ-we tʰi te o-ki-da ni-he!” i-yi i-a,

“diátte ątǫ́we tʰí tte ókidá nihé!” iyí iá.

your father/to look at me = to see me/to arrive, to have come here/*/to tell something to another/imperative!, strong command or prohibition/to have said/it is said (they say)

* tte, ‘will, shall, future’ …. or …. tʰe, ‘the singular, standing or collection; the past act, completed action’

72)

And when the young kingfisher reached home, the boy said to his father, “My father, he said that you are to come see him,” it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ ti-ta-shka zhi-ka niⁿ kʰi naⁿ

ešǫ́ ttittáška žíka nį́ kʰí ną

then, at length; while, and when, so/kingfisher/small, little; young/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/to arrive back at one’s own = he reached home/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

i-ke naⁿ i-a:

iké ną iá:

to say that to someone/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

“iⁿ-ta-te, da-ki-shtoⁿ-we shi te, i-e,”

“į́ttatté, dakkíštǫ́we ší tte, ié,”

my father/you look at your own relation/you arrive, you reach there, you have been/will, shall, future/to talk, speak; say; word

i-yi i-a she-to niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iá šétto nįkʰé.

to have said/it is said (they say)/boy/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

73)

The Kingfisher said, “I was afraid of that, that is why I had said to you, ‘Throw it back to him while you are standing very far away from him!’” it is said (they say).

“ko-i aⁿ-naⁿ-ko-i-he taⁿ,

“kói ąną́koihé-tą,

that there, that distant object/I apprehensive, dread, insecure, fearful of/and, when, since, as; because; if

* ikoihé, ‘to fear, fearful, as the fear of some unseen danger, misgiving, a feeling of doubt; insecure, to feel insecure, to dread an unseen or uncertain danger, to be apprehensive’

‘ko-zhi hi shoⁿ tʰaⁿ

‘kkóži hi šǫ́-tʰą

far, far away, far off+very, intensifier = very far away/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de ni-he!’

kíkkiǫ́de déde nihé!’

to throw back to the owner+to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action+imperative!, strong command or prohibition = throw his back to him!

i-he ni-tʰe,”

ihé nitʰé,”

I say/heretofore, previously, formerly, before this, so far

i-yi i-a ti-ta-shka niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iá ttittáška nįkʰé.

to have said/it is said (they say)/kingfisher/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

74)

Kingfisher went to visit the Monkey in his lodge, it is said (they say).

ti-ta-shka ti-o-pʰe ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe-ti ki-hi i-a.

ttittáška ttiópʰe hómittátta nįkʰétti kihí iá.

kingfisher/to enter a lodge, to visit/monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/at, by, in, to; when/to arrive or reach there, having gone there for or to another/it is said (they said)

75)

Then, when Kingfisher arrived there, the Monkey climbed a willow tree and stood upon a branch, bending it down so that it was very close to the water, it is said (they say).

e-ti hi taⁿ,

étti hí-tą,

then, at length; while, and when, so/there, then/to arrive, reach there, have been/and, when, since, as; because; if

ho-mi-ta-ta di-xe ka-xa miⁿ a-na-zhiⁿ naⁿ

hómittátta díγe káxa mį́ ánažį ną́

monkey/willow/branch, limb/a, an, one; single/on, upon+to stand = to stand upon/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

naⁿ-zo a-tʰaⁿ ni kʰe koⁿ-ha hi hi naⁿ

nązó átʰą ní kʰe kkǫ́ha hi hí ną

to bend anything down with the foot/when, and/water, liquid; stream, creek, river/the singular lying object/near, by+very, intensifier = very close to/to arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

a-te de niⁿ naⁿ i-a.

átte dé nį́ ną iá.

to climb/to go/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

76)

And then, from there, he jumped and plunged deep down into the water, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ e-ti-tʰaⁿ ni kʰe-ti

ešǫ́ ettítʰą ní kʰetti

then, at length; while, and when, so/from then on, from that time, at that time, from then on; from there, thence, subsequently/water, liquid; stream, creek, river/the singular lying object+at, by, in, to; when = to the

pa-po ni aⁿ-si

ppapó ní ą́si

downhill, a steep incline, steep descent, over the edge of the bluff/water, liquid; stream, creek, river/to jump, leap into

ni de-tʰe-ta-hi hi-de naⁿ i-a.

ní detʰéttahí hidé ną iá.

water, liquid; stream, creek, river+to arrive to this collection+to have gone+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = he went way down into the water/it is said (they say)

77)

Kingfisher was barely able to retrieve Monkey from the water, it is said (they say).

to-to-shoⁿ aⁿ-hi ti-ta-shka di-ze naⁿ i-a.

ttóttošǫ́ ą́hi ttittáška dizé ną iá.

*/kingfisher/to get, take, receive, accept, select, choose, seize/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

* JOD notes ttóttošǫ́ ą́hi is the same as ttóttǫšǫ́hi and translates as ‘scarcely’.  This could imply, Kingfisher was barely able to retrieve Monkey from the water or be a combination of the following words used to imply, Monkey was laid out on the ground when Kingfisher retrieved him from the water ….

tóta, ‘on this side, in this direction, hither’ …. or …. dóttǫ, ‘straight’

žǫ, ‘to lie or recline’ …. or …. ožǫ́, ‘to lie or recline in a place’

ą́he, ‘lay a long, inanimate object on something’ …. or …. hi, ‘to arrive, reach there, have been’

78)

When Monkey had his fill of the water, the Kingfisher retrieved Monkey from the water, it is said (they say).

ti-ta-shka niⁿ-kʰe

ttittáška nįkʰé

kingfisher/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

ho-mi-ta-ta ni i-naⁿ-tʰe hi taⁿ

hómittátta ní ínątʰé hi-taⁿ

monkey/water, liquid; stream, creek, river/to feel full, to have one’s fill/very, intensifier/and, when, since, as; because; if

di-ze-ki-de naⁿ i-a.

dizékkídé ną iá.

to get, take, receive, accept, select, choose, seize+to cause for or to = to cause one to be caught, to catch him/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

79)

And then, just as he had done before, the Kingfisher plunged back into the water and caught a fish, which he gave to Monkey as he headed for home, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ ti-ta-shka niⁿ-kʰe ho miⁿ di-ze naⁿ,

ešǫ́ ttittáška nįkʰé hó mį́ dizé ną,

then, at length; while, and when, so/kingfisher/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/fish/a, an, one; single/to get, take, receive, accept, select, choose, seize/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

ho-mi-ta-ta shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe kde naⁿ i-a.

hómittátta šǫ́-nįkʰé kdé ną iá.

monkey/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

80)

And then, one day it happened that Monkey said to his wife, “Hand me that tobacco pouch! I must go to visit your grandfather, the Muskrat,” it is said (they say).

haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi haⁿ-pa miⁿ tą,

hą́tʰąhí hą́pa mį́-tą,

then, at length; it happened that; once upon a time/day, daytime/a, an, one; single/and, when, since, as; because; if

“ta-ni o-zhi-ha ko-i niⁿ-kʰe aⁿ-ki-k’i hi-da!

“táni óžiha koí-nįkʰé ąkíkʔi hidá!

tobacco pouch/that there, that distant object/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to give back, return to me/to send here, to cause to come here+imperative command = send here!

* taní = tanį́

di-ti-kaⁿ iⁿ-chʰoⁿ bda-ska niⁿ-kʰe-ti bde oⁿ-te,”

dittíką į́čʰǫ bdáska nįkʰétti bdé ǫtté,”

your grandfather/rat+flat= flying squirrel/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting+at, by, in, to; when = to the sitting object/I go/must

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta.

iyí iá hómittátta.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey

81)

And then, he went there, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ e-ti de naⁿ i-a.

ešǫ́ étti dé ną iá.

then, at length; while, and when, so/there, then, said of time as well as place/to go/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

82)

Then, when Monkey arrived there, the Flying Squirrel said to his wife, “Hand me that awl lying over there,” it is said (they say).

e-ti hi taⁿ,

étti hí-tą,

then, at length; while, and when, so/there, then/to arrive, reach there, have been/and, when, since, as; because; if

iⁿ-chʰoⁿ bda-ska niⁿ-kʰe i-ke naⁿ i-a,

į́čʰǫ bdáska nįkʰé iké ną iá,

flying squirrel/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/to say that to someone/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

ekáxną niⁿ-kʰe e wa-kʰe-ti:

ekáxną nįkʰé e wakʰé-ttí:

a man’s wife, someone’s wife/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/aforementioned, that, he, she, it+to mean something, to refer to something+at, by, in, to; when = referring to her, his wife

“wa-hi-ka ko-wa-kʰe hi-da!”

“wahíkka kówakʰe hidá!”

awl/that singular lying object over there/to send here, to cause to come here+imperative command = send here!

83)

He took the awl and climbed up on his lodge, it is said (they say).

wa-hi-ka di-ze naⁿ

wahíkka dizé ną

awl/to get, take, receive, accept, select, choose, seize/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

ti tʰe a-ki-te de naⁿ i-a.

ttí tʰe ákitte dé ną iá.

house, lodge, tent, dwelling/the singular, standing or collection/to climb one’s own/to go/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

84)

When he reached the very top of the lodge, he stabbed himself in the scrotum with the awl, causing an abundance of black walnuts to fall to the ground, it is said (they say).

a-shi hi hi naⁿ,

aší hi hí ną,

over, on top of, on, over+very, intensifier = very top/to arrive, reach there, have been/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

shoⁿ-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe-ti ki-ba-xdo naⁿ i-a.

šǫtʰé nįkʰétti kkibáxdo ną iá.

testicles, scrotum/the singular, sitting/at, by, in, to; when/to pierce, stab, perforate oneself/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

85)

ta-ke zho-hi hi o-xpa-de ka-xe naⁿ i-a.

ttáke žóhi hí oxpáde káγe ną iá.

black walnut/much, many/very, intensifier/to fall from a height/to make, do, cause/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

86)

He fed black walnuts to Monkey, it is said (they say).

ta-ke da-tʰe-ki-de naⁿ i-a ho-mi-ta-ta.

ttáke datʰékkide ną́ iá hómittátta.

black walnut/to eat+to cause for or to = to cause one to eat, to feed him/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)/monkey

87)

Then, just as Monkey was about to leave, he left one of his gloves, pretending that he had forgotten it and headed for home, it is said (they say).

e-ti ho-mi-ta-ta kde shoⁿ niⁿ

étti hómittátta kdé šǫ́-nį́

there, then/monkey/to go home, to start homeward/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving

naⁿ-pe o-di-shiⁿ tʰe i-ma-sa-ni-kde

nąpé ódišį́ tʰe ímasaníkde

hand+to wrap, cover, fold in a bundle, covering= glove/the singular, standing or collection/on one side, half of a pair

* nąpé ódišį́ > nąpé ódižį́

a-kda-niⁿ koⁿ-ze kde niⁿ i-a.

ákdąnį́ kǫ́ze kdé nį́ iá.

to forget/to pretend, feign; to be similar or equal to; same, equal/to go home, to start homeward/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/it is said (they say)

88)

Then the Flying Squirrel said to one of his sons, “Go take this to him! Throw it back to him while you are standing very far away from him! He always talks too much,” it is said (they say).

e-ti iⁿ-chʰoⁿ bda-ska niⁿ-kʰe e-zhiⁿ-ke e-ta miⁿ

étti į́čʰǫ bdáska nįkʰé ežį́ke ettá mį́

there, then/flying squirrel/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/a son, his or her son/his, hers, its/a, an, one; single

* ettá = ittá

i-ke naⁿ i-a:

iké ną iá:

to say that to someone/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

89)

“de-niⁿ-kʰe a-ki-niⁿ da!

“dé-nįkʰé ákinį dá!

this+the singular, sitting+to have or keep for someone+to go+imperative command = go take this to him!

90)

ko-zhi hi shoⁿ tʰaⁿ

kkóži hí šǫ́-tʰą

far, far away, far off+very, intensifier = very far away/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de ni-he!

kíkkiǫ́de déde nihé!

to throw back to the owner+to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action+imperative!, strong command or prohibition = throw his back to him!

i-e a-ta-ha naⁿ,”

íe áttahá ną,”

to talk, speak; say; word/too, exceedingly, much/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = he always talks too much

* íe > íye

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)

91)

Then, Flying Squirrel’s son went to take the glove to Monkey, it is said (they say).

e-ti e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ

étti ežį́ke nį́

there, then/a son, his or her son/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving

a-ki-niⁿ de naⁿ i-a.

ákinį dé ną iá.

to have or keep for someone+to go+past sign, when; regularly, usually, often = he took it to him/it is said (they say)

92)

As the Flying Squirrel’s son was standing very far away from the Monkey, in order to throw Monkey’s glove back to him, the Monkey said, “Come here, come closer! Come here, come closer!” it is said (they say).

ko-zhi hi shoⁿ tʰaⁿ

kkóži hi šǫ́-tʰą

far, far away, far off+very, intensifier = very far away/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de tʰaⁿ naⁿ,

kíkkiǫ́de déde tʰą ną́,

to throw back to the owner+to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action/3^rd person singular standing; the standing/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

“do-ti hi-we! do-ti hi-we!”

“dótti hiwé! dótti hiwé!”

toward this place, this way/to come, be coming here, not own+emphatic or imperative = come here!/toward this place, this way/to come, be coming here, not own+emphatic or imperative = come here!

* dótti = tóti

i-yi i-a ho-mi-ta-ta tʰaⁿ.

iyí iá hómittátta tʰą́.

to have said/it is said (they say)/monkey/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

93)

When the young flying squirrel took the glove closer, Monkey said, “Tell your father that he should come see me!” it is said, (they say).

koⁿ-ha zhi-ka ki-hi naⁿ,

kkǫ́ha žíka kihí ną,

near, by+small, little; young = nearer, a little closer/to arrive or reach there, having gone there for or to another/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

“di-a-te aⁿ-toⁿ-we tʰi te o-ki-da ni-he!”

“diátte ątǫ́we tʰí tte ókidá nihé!”

your father/to look at me = to see me/to arrive, to have come here/*/to tell something to another/imperative!, strong command or prohibition

* tte, ‘will, shall, future’ …. or …. tʰe, ‘the singular, standing or collection; the past act, completed action’

i-yi i-a.

iyí iá.

to have said/it is said (they say)

94)

And when the young flying squirrel reached home, the boy said to his father, “My father, he said that you are to come see him,” it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ iⁿ-chʰoⁿ bda-ska zhi-ka niⁿ kʰi naⁿ

ešǫ́ į́čʰǫ bdáska žíka nį́ kʰí ną

then, at length; while, and when, so/flying squirrel/small, little; young/3^rd person singular moving; the singular moving/to arrive back at one’s own = he reached home/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

i-ke naⁿ i-a:

iké ną iá:

to say that to someone/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

“iⁿ-ta-te, da-ki-shtoⁿ-we shi te, i-e,”

“į́ttatté, dakkíštǫ́we ší tte, ié,”

my father/you look at your own relation/you arrive, you reach there, you have been/will, shall, future/to talk, speak; say; word

i-yi i-a she-to niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iá šétto nįkʰé.

to have said/it is said (they say)/boy/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

95)

The Flying Squirrel said, “I was afraid of that, that is why I had said to you, ‘Throw it back to him while you are standing very far away from him!’” it is said (they say).

“ko-i aⁿ-naⁿ-ko-i-he taⁿ,

“kói ąną́koihé-tą,

that there, that distant object/I apprehensive, dread, insecure, fearful of/and, when, since, as; because; if

* ikoihé, ‘to fear, fearful, as the fear of some unseen danger, misgiving, a feeling of doubt; insecure, to feel insecure, to dread an unseen or uncertain danger, to be apprehensive’

‘ko-zhi hi shoⁿ tʰaⁿ

‘kkóži hi šǫ́-tʰą

far, far away, far off+very, intensifier = very far away/still, yet; at any rate; and, so; thus/3^rd person singular standing; the standing

ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de ni-he!’

kíkkiǫ́de déde nihé!’

to throw back to the owner+to cause to go, to send off, sent away; suddenly, expresses sudden action+imperative!, strong command or prohibition = throw his back to him!

i-he ni-tʰe,”

ihé nitʰé,”

I say/heretofore, previously, formerly, before this, so far

i-yi i-a iⁿ-chʰoⁿ bda-ska niⁿ-kʰe.

iyí iá į́čʰǫ bdáska nįkʰé.

to have said/it is said (they say)/flying squirrel/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

96)

Flying Squirrel went to visit the Monkey at his lodge, it is said (they say).

iⁿ-chʰoⁿ bda-ska ti-o-pʰe ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe-ti ki-hi i-a.

į́čʰǫ bdáska ttiópʰe hómittátta nįkʰétti kihí iá.

flying squirrel/to enter a lodge, to visit/monkey/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/at, by, in, to; when/to arrive or reach there, having gone there for or to another/it is said (they said)

97)

Then, when Flying Squirrel arrived there, the Monkey took an awl and climbed to the top of his lodge, it is said (they say).

e-ti hi taⁿ,

étti hí-tą,

there, then/to arrive, reach there, have been/and, when, since, as; because; if

ho-mi-ta-ta wa-hi-ka di-ze ti

hómittátta wahíkka dizé-tti

monkey/awl/to get, take, receive, accept, select, choose, seize/at, by, in, to; when

ti tʰe a-ki-te de naⁿ i-a.

ttí tʰe ákitte dé ną iá.

house, lodge, tent, dwelling/the singular, standing or collection/to climb one’s own/to go/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

98)

As soon as he reached the very top of the lodge, he stabbed himself in the scrotum with the awl, it is said (they say).

a-shi hi hi o-tʰaⁿ-ka,

aší hi hí otʰą́ka,

over, on top of, on, over+very, intensifier = very top/to arrive, reach there, have been/as soon as

shoⁿ-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe ki-ba-xdo naⁿ i-a.

šǫtʰé nįkʰé kkibáxdo ną iá.

testicles, scrotum/the singular, sitting/to pierce, stab, perforate oneself/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

99)

And when he did that, extremely dark blood burst out of his scrotum, it is said (they say).

e-shoⁿ wa-pa-iⁿ sha-xti ba-to-zhe naⁿ i-a.

ešǫ́ wappaį́ šáxti battóže ną iá.

then, at length; while, and when, so/blood/dark+very, real, fully = extremely dark/to pierce a sore and let the water or pus out; lance a sore, pierce/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

100)

The Flying Squirrel said, “Ho-ho-xo! He has hurt himself severely!” it is said (they say).

“ho-ho-xo! oⁿ-te taⁿ-hi wa-ki-k’oⁿ!”

“hóhoxó! ǫ́te ttą́hi wakkíkʔǫ!”

interjection of wonder, surprise/*+to do to oneself = hurt himself very bad

* JOD translates ǫ́te ttą́hi as ‘very painful’ …. ǫ́te is this related to įté, įdé, ‘ache, hurt, pain’ or ǫtté ‘must’ …. JOD also notes šike hi could be used for ǫ́te ttą́hi

i-yi i-a iⁿ-chʰoⁿ bda-ska niⁿ-kʰe.

iyi iá į́čʰǫ bdáska nįkʰé.

to have said/it is said (they say)/flying squirrel/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting

101)

The Flying Squirrel took the awl and climbed up on the lodge, it is said (they say).

iⁿ-chʰoⁿ bda-ska niⁿ-kʰe wa-hi-ka di-ze naⁿ

į́čʰǫ bdáska nįkʰé wahíkka dizé ną

flying squirrel/3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular, sitting/awl/to get, take, receive, accept, select, choose, seize/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often

ti tʰe a-te de naⁿ i-a.

ttí tʰe átte dé ną iá.

house, lodge, tent, dwelling/the singular, standing or collection/to climb/to go/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)

102)

Then, the Flying Squirrel made an abundance of black walnuts for Monkey, it is said (they say).

e-ti ta-ke zho-hi hi ki-ka-xe naⁿ i-a ho-mi-ta-ta.

étti ttáke žóhi hí kikáγe ną iá hómittátta.

there, then/black walnut/much, many/very, intensifier/to make something for someone/past sign, when; regularly, usually, often/it is said (they say)/monkey

103)

The end.

shoⁿ

šǫ

the end, enough, complete, that will do; fit, proper, as it should be

Download this translated story in .pdf        Download the James Own Dorsey Translation.pdf